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Advanced Biotechnological Approaches towards Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from Pharmaceutical Industry
Published in Gunjan Mukherjee, Sunny Dhiman, Waste Management, 2023
Aditya Amrut Pawar, Nomvano Mketo, Nilesh S. Waghl, Jaya Lakkakulal
Aerobic treatment technology has been used for treating wastewater effluents of various sources like wine, oil, food processing, dairy industry and municipal wastewater (Petruccioli et al. 2002, Vijayaraghavan et al. 2007, Malladi and Ingham 1993, Li and Zhang 2002, Witzig et al. 2002). Aeration is one of the most important elements of the aerobic treatment system of wastewater, because it supplies the required amount of dissolved oxygen to microorganisms, which are aerobic in nature for degradation of organic wastes (Khan and Mostafa 2011). However, transfer of oxygen in wastewater is affected by the characteristics of the biomass and design of aeration system. There are three parameters which characterize biomass during aeration: particle size, viscosity, and particle concentration (Germain and Stephenson 2005). To amplify the aerobic biochemical reaction, the oxygen supply rate into microbes must be rapid with limited oxygen. Therefore, a highly structured oxygen supplier and a sturdy system to treat wastewater are a requirement for an effective treatment (Mondal et al. 2017). Various configurations of aerobic treatment systems for treating industrial based pharmaceutical wastewater have been depicted in Table 2.
Sewage Disposal Systems
Published in Herman Koren, Best Practices for Environmental Health, 2017
In an aerobic treatment system, a mechanism is used to inject air throughout the treatment tank thereby helping aerobic bacteria degrade the solids. This helps achieve a superior effluent quality. Typically, a system of this type would be chosen where the regular septic systems are failing. Problems are: the unit is more expensive to operate than a septic tank; electricity is required and a back-up system is mandatory in areas where there is frequent electrical failure; mechanical parts can break down; more frequent routine maintenance is needed than for a septic tank; sudden surges of heavy loads of solids can upset the system; more nitrates may be released to groundwater than from a septic system; and pretreatment steps are needed to remove grease, trash, garbage grindings, or other materials which are not biodegradable.
Characteristics of organic removal for supermarket wastewater treatment with an anaerobic baffled reactor and efficacy evaluation of changing HRT
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Naoki Nomoto, Yoshinobu Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Danshita, Yuga Hirakata, Takahiro Watari, Masashi Hatamoto, Minoru Nakamura, Takashi Yamaguchi
ABR technology has been applied to sewage [2], brewery wastewater [3], palm oil wastewater [4], dairy wastewater [5], fish factory wastewater [6], and dyeing wastewater [7], among others, and can be applied to various other types of wastewater. If wastewater containing high concentrations of organic matter and solids is directly treated by the aerobic treatment method, the amount of excess sludge and aeration is expected to increase. Therefore, if an ABR is used for pre-treatment in the aerobic treatment system, solids will be hydrolyzed in the acidogenesis phase, and the concentration of organic matter in the wastewater will be reduced by methane fermentation. Therefore, the amount of excess sludge and aeration in the aeration tank can be reduced.