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Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
Published in Viorel Badescu, George Cristian Lazaroiu, Linda Barelli, POWER ENGINEERING Advances and Challenges, 2018
Kostantin G. Aravossis, Vasilis C. Kapsalis
Aquifers Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) is a proven sustainable technology to provide space heating and cooling when it is coupled with heat pumps. The climatic conditions, the availability of the aquifer and the feasibility of the specific application are the most critical factors for the implementation of such a technology. Aquifers are used as a sink heat pump or sources to store energy ambient air, waste heat or renewable sources. The ATES systems use natural water in a saturated and permeable underground layer as the storage medium. The extraction of the water from a well and the reinjection of it in an appropriate temperature in a nearby well is the main principle of this technology. They may be divided to open and closed or borehole systems. The former is cheaper and provides a greater transfer capacity than the latter and is preferred for a longer period.
Well fields for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage; groundwater as a storage medium for renewable energy
Published in Peter J. Dillon, Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability, 2002
R.C. van Elswijk, A. Willemsen
The number of projects with Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) in The Netherlands is increasing rapidly. ATES is a new technology to cool and heat buildings (and processes) using renewable energy and using the groundwater as a storage medium. In general it is possible to optimise the well field to reduce the costs of the system, to increase the thermal efficiency and to reduce the environmental impact. The main parameters that can be changed to optimise the well field are the depth of the aquifer, the length of the well screen, the distance between the wells, the angle of the line connecting the wells with respect to the regional groundwater flow direction and, in case there is more then one pair of wells, the positioning of cold and warm wells with respect to each other. Interspersing warm and cold wells is very effective for reducing the change in hydraulic head caused by the production and infiltration of groundwater. The actual optimum well field for a specific location depends on the local hydrogeology, the required heating and cooling and the sensitivity of the surroundings to environmental impacts.
Electricity Markets and Renewable Energy Sources – A Smart City Approach
Published in Evanthia A. Nanaki, George Xydis, Exergetic Aspects of Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
The ATES technology can be combined in a heating and cooling grid in order to shave the peaks in energy demand and to store the surplus of heat and cold and release it at the right moments. By using ATES in a grid additional savings can be obtained on the energy bill and on CO2, SO4 and NOx. On the grid are connected buildings which have a surplus of heat which can be used by buildings which have a heating demand. Cooling can be stored in the winter period and provided during the summer. ATES is doing the work of the balancing component in the grid.
Investigations on heat flow characteristics of the aquifer for groundwater heat pump (GWHP) composed of different well types
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2019
Yan Jiang, Xiaoyang Wang, Ming Li, Qing Gao
The aquifer is a low-cost operation and maintenance source for thermal energy storage. Heat releasing into the aquifer is not equal to the heat extracting from the aquifer for building air conditioning used ground source heat pump in climates which cold load of summer is different from the heat load of winter. The solution to this problem is energy storage into the aquifer (Bloemendal, Olsthoorn, and Boons 2014). The principle of ATES extracts aquifer heat in winter and storages heating energy in summer to balance the load difference (Sommer et al. 2015a). Ground heat pump (GHP) combined with ATES accomplishes energy conservation and decreases the consumption of fossil fuels (Vanhoudt et al. 2011). It reduces the operating cost of buildings heating and cooling, and is environment friendliness (Sommer et al. 2015a).