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A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems
Published in Krishan Arora, Suman Lata Tripathi, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Smart Electrical Grid System, 2023
A. Gayathri, V. Rukkumani, V. Manimegalai, P. Pandiyan
Thermal energy storage refers to the storage of energy in the form of cold or heat in a storage medium. It includes a storage system as well as separate equipment for the processes of heat injection into the system and heat extraction from the system. This storage medium can be naturally generated, similar to the ground or potholes, or it is feasible to produce it artificially by placing a container over the water tanks to prevent any heat loss or gain [32]. Figure 15.11 depicts various types of TES.
Energy Storage Systems
Published in Muhammad Asif, Handbook of Energy Transitions, 2023
In TES systems, the excess heat is stored in the form of thermal energy to be used later. There are two basic categories of thermal energy storage. The first one is sensible energy storage, whereas the other one is latent energy storage. In heat-sensitive energy storage systems, when a material is heated up, its temperature rises, so the heat gain is sensible. As the temperature rises, the internal energy of that system increases. However, in latent energy storage, the system deals with latent heat, which means there is a phase change experienced by the substance when the heat is given to the system or extracted from the system. Typically, a phase change is a change from solid to liquid phase or liquid to the solid phase. In this process, the state of the matter changes from solid to liquid, but the temperature during these phase changes remains the same. In sensible heat storage, we use high thermal mass, density, or specific heat. That means the amount of energy we stored is Q = mCp∆T = ρVCp∆T, where m is the mass, Cp is the specific heat, V is the volume, ρ is the density, and T is the temperature. For a given ∆T, Q increases as density and specific capacity increase. For maximum energy storage, the product of ρCp must be maximum. On the other hand, in latent heat storage, we use the heat of fusion such as ice storage, phase change materials, and molten salts. The phase change materials are organic alkanes and hydrated salts [16]
Energy Storage Systems in View of Nanotechnology towards Wind Energy Penetration in Distribution Generation Environment
Published in Shilpi Birla, Neha Singh, Neeraj Kumar Shukla, Nanotechnology, 2022
Dimpy Sood, Ritesh Tirole, Sujit Kumar
Thermal energy storage devices use rocks, salts, water or other materials to store energy. When additional energy is available, they are maintained heated, kept in an insulated area and cooled down as needed. A small volume of cold water is poured over warm rocks, salts or hot water to create steam, which is then utilized to spin steam turbines in order to generate electricity. In addition to serving as a renewable energy source, thermal energy storage may also be utilized to heat and cool buildings rather than to generate electricity. Ice may be made overnight and then utilized to cool a structure during the day by using thermal storage. The efficiency range for thermal energy may be anywhere between 50% and 90% depending on the kind of energy utilized.
Recent progress in solar wood drying: An updated review
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Bilal Lamrani, Naoual Bekkioui, Merlin Simo-Tagne, Macmanus Chinenye Ndukwu
Using solar energy for drying wood indeed has several energetic and environmental advantages. However, due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, this process is often interrupted which increases the drying time and reduces the quality of the produced dried wood. To overcome this problem, the integration of thermal energy systems into solar wood dryers presents an advantageous solution. Thermal energy storage systems are used mainly to store the excess produced thermal energy from solar dryer systems to use during off-sunshine hours. This thermal energy storage process can be by sensible heat storage, latent heat storage or thermochemical storage. Several PCMs can be used as a thermal storage medium for the solar wood drying process and they can be summarized in Figure 10. Choosing a suitable PCM for the solar wood drying process is also another challenge where several criteria must be taken into consideration such as the melting PCM temperature, the PCM latent heat of fusion, the PCM must be also stable chemically and commercialized with an acceptable price.
Energy storage analysis of phase change materials (PCMs) integrated with thermal conductivity enhancers (TCEs)
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2022
Ahmed Albojamal, Hudhaifa Hamzah, Kambiz Vafai
Thermal energy storage can be described as storing energy in the form of heat or cold in a storage medium to be used later. Then, the stored energy can be utilized for heating or cooling objectives. The main use of this energy is to overcome the imbalance between energy production and consumption. Some essential requirements for an effective thermal energy storage system are a storage material with high energy density, very good insulation for minimal heat loss, a chemically stable storage material, and a fully reversible and repeatable process [3]. There are three main types of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, which involves a moderate increase or decrease in temperature of the storage material, latent heat storage, which includes a phase change material (PCM), and thermal chemical energy storage, which involves a reversible high-energy chemical reaction used to store energy [4]. Latent heat storage is the focus of this study.
Preparation and performance characterization of steel slag-based thermal storage composites for waste recycling and thermal energy storage
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Bo Shi, Xuzhang Zhao, Jingcen Zhang, Yongqiang Jin, Dong Liu, Shuhao Yan, Ying Ge, Junjie Hao
With the rapid increase of the world’s population and the high development of productivity, the over-exploitation of limited fossil energy sources has caused global energy shortages and environmental pollution (Li, Ling, and Pan 2022). Forcing the active development of new renewable energy sources (Zhang and Chen 2021), including wind, concentrated solar power, photo-voltaic and thermal energy with several strategic advantages, one of the most representatives is the possibility of thermal energy storage (Salah, Abuhelwa, and Bashir 2021). Converting solar energy into thermal energy can improve the capacity factor and overall utilization rate of energy, which is the key to alleviate the mismatch between energy supply and demand (Liu et al. 2022). According to the different properties of thermal storage materials, thermal energy storage methods include sensible thermal storage, latent thermal storage and thermochemical storage (Lin, Alva, and Fang 2018). In recent years, sensible heat storage technology has attracted a lot of attention because of its simple operation, wide application and other advantages.