Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Digital Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
The most affordable method, and the one dominating the consumer-level market, is fused deposition modeling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication or thermoplastic extrusion. FDM printers feed plastic filament through a heated nozzle, which moves in both horizontal and vertical directions along a computer-guided path to deposit layers of molten material. The most commonly used FDM filaments are made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA), but a multitude of alternatives with varying strength, temperature and material properties are available. ABS in particular is inexpensive, lightweight, durable and resistant to impact (Coakley and Hurt, 2016).
Recent Advancements in Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics by Using Proteomics Approaches
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Neha Sharma, Smriti Shukla, Kartikeya Shukla, Ajit Varma, Vineet Kumar, Menaka Devi Salam, Arti Mishra
These are a class of anionic surfactants. They have sulphonate hydrophilic head at one end and hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail group at the other end. They are one of the oldest and most commonly used synthetic detergents (Jha et al. 2015). They are used in numerous personal care products such as soaps and shampoo. They are resistant to biodegradation, because of which they are called hard detergents. Alkylbenzene sulphonate is responsible for various environmental problems by causing persistent foam in sewage treatment plants. They are basically of two types depending on their chain structure: branched and linear chain. The linear chain structure is more preferred in detergent industry than the branched chain structure because it is more biodegradable. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is made by sulphonation of linear alkylbenzene. It is used in place of branched dodecylbenzene sulphonates. Branched chain ABS is non-biodegradable or degrade very slowly, because of which they form stable foams. Detergents in biological systems disturb the bio-membrane, state, and quality of the protein and alter the biological properties (Jensen 1999; Ivanković and Hrenović 2010). They have detrimental effects on reproduction, growth, and various physiological activities of aquatic organisms. Their toxic effects on aquatic life have been reported. These anionic surfactants enter fish bodies via gills. They also accumulate in water bodies and thus harm other aquatic life forms (Zhou et al. 2018).
Cost Estimation of Polymer Material for Biomedical Application
Published in Ashwani Kumar, Mangey Ram, Yogesh Kumar Singla, Advanced Materials for Biomechanical Applications, 2022
Suya Prem Anand, Ashwin Sunil Kumar, Grreshan Ramesh, Abel Eldho Jose
The stress–strain analysis of the ABS material was performed with the assistance of ANSYS software, where it was observed that the ABS has a high tensile strength to withstand deformation and spring back with a 5% strain and finally rupture. It was also found that the layer thickness plays a major impact compared to other parameters with the build time. The cost estimation indicates that the ABS liner component manufactured by the FDM process is cheaper compared to the conventional method. Currently, the ABS liner is manufactured with a cost of approximately 9 $ compared to the industrial average of 137 $ for the conventional method, which is a cost reduction of 93.29%. Based on the properties, the ABS material is tougher and much lighter than other polymers, especially high-density polyethylene.
Research on the technique of reinforced concrete pavement with large spacing joints
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Zeliang Yang, Hui Luo, Jinglong Lian
It can be seen from section 3 that the isolation layer plays a decisive role in RCPS. In this section, various isolation materials are tested in the laboratory to optimise the isolation layer to ensure the effective implementation of RCPS. In addition to conventional materials such as asphalt slurry seal and wax, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) board and a poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) film were first used as isolation materials in this test (Yi 2011; Yao et al. 2009b). ABS boards are emerging materials in the board industry, and they have good impact strength, high stiffness and high deformation resistance (Dai et al.2014). PET films have excellent mechanical properties, small warped deformation mechanics and outstanding anti-friction and anti-penetration characteristics (Han 1988). Therefore, compared with commonly used plastic films, it is more difficult to damage and cure PET films, making these films more suitable as isolation materials. The condition without an isolation layer was also conducted in the test as a control group, and all conditions are shown in Table 2.
Mechanical and tribological performance evaluation of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer toughened acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polyamide 6 composites strengthened with glass fibres
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Shankare Gowda, Srinivas S, Santhosh G, Siddaramaiah Basavarajaiah
E-glass fibres with a length 4.5 mm and diameter of 13 microns were supplied by Nippon Electric Glass, Malaysia. While, ABS of 20 MFI and nylon 6 of extrusion grade 2.7 RV were obtained from LG Chemicals, Korea and GSFC, India, respectively. ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerising styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene, chemical formula – (C8H8)x .(C4H6)y.(C3H3)z .Density lies in between 1.060 and 1.08 g/cm3, insoluble in water, glass transition temperature 105 °C and ABS is amorphous therefore has no melting point. Nylon 6 fibres are tough and abrasion resistant, possessing glass transition temperature of 47 °C, density of 1.14 g/cc and melting point of 215 °C. Whereas E glass fibre has composition of 54% SiO2, 15% Al2O3 12% CaO density ranges between 2.55 and 2.6 and glass transition temperature of 1016F
Evaluation of various standards of adhesion properties between fused-layer-modeling parts and injection molded parts
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2020
A. Richter, F. Fischer, K. Dilger
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is an amorphous thermoplastic copolymer consisting of the monomers acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Acrylonitrile gives ABS high strength, stiffness, and toughness. It is resistant to chemicals and can be used at a continuous operating temperature of up to 85°C. The melting temperature is approximately 220°C. The elastomer phase consisting of butadiene rubber, is sensitive to oxygen and UV light, which causes ABS to turn yellow and become brittle under climatically unfavorable conditions.[11] Although ABS is amorphous, it is milky white in its natural state. It is one of the most frequently used engineering plastics and is mainly used for structural components. In vehicle interiors, ABS is found in dashboards, panels, or other trim parts.[8]