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Introduction to Redox Flow Batteries
Published in Huamin Zhang, Huamin Zhang, Xianfeng Li, Jiujun Zhang, Redox Flow Batteries, 2017
Wei Wang, James P. Kizewski, Wentao Duan
Despite this zinc deposition, its redox reaction has been coupled with other chemistries such as bromine105 and iodine,106 E0 = 1.85 V versus SHE and 1.29 V versus SHE, respectively. Commonly the zinc–bromine electrolyte contains a bromine sequestration agent such as an organic quaternary ammonium bromide107 (e.g., 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide), which complexes with Br2 evolved at the positive electrode to form a phase that is immiscible with the aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, scanning electron microscope imaging and X-ray diffraction analysis of zinc electrodeposits showed that organic quaternary ammonium bromides had a significant influence on zinc deposition morphologies during the initial stages of charging.105,108 In the zinc–iodide flow battery, it was found that the addition of alcohols into electrolytes stabilized the cathode electrolyte at lower temperatures and ameliorated zinc dendrite growth at the anode due to ligand formation between the oxygen of the alcohol group and the zinc ions.106 The advantages of zinc–iodide batteries over all-vanadium or zinc–bromine batteries are the absence of both highly oxidative V5+ or Br2109 and acid/alkali supporting electrolytes, allowing the use of cheaper electrode and membrane materials.
Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, and Solution Chemistry
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Ytterbium Ytterbium(III) chloride Ytterbium(III) oxide Yttrium Yttrium chloride Yttrium fluoride Yttrium oxide Zinc Zinc bromide Zinc carbonate Zinc chloride Zinc fluoride Zinc hydroxide Zinc iodide Zinc nitrate Zinc orthosilicate Zinc oxide Zinc selenide Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) Zirconium Zirconium(IV) bromide Zirconium(II) chloride Zirconium(IV) chloride Zirconium(IV) fluoride Zirconium(II) hydride Zirconium(IV) iodide Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate Zirconium(IV) oxide Zirconium(IV) sulfate Zirconium titanate
Three new zinc(II) complexes: design, synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Gong Li, Qiao Zhang, Shuang Yang, Mengdi Zhu, Yuejiao Fu, Ziheng Liu, Na Xing, Lei Shi
Zinc nitrate (≥99.0%), zinc bromide (≥99.0%) dichloromethane (≥99.8%) and nitric acid (65-68%) were obtained from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Cyclohexane (≥99.5%), methanol (≥99.5%), methylbenzene (≥99.5%), acetonitrile (≥99.5%), ethanol (≥99.7%), diethyl ether (≥99.5%), hydrogen peroxide 30% (≥30%), oxalic acid (≥99.8%), trichloromethane (≥99.5%), carbon tetrachloride (≥99.5%), hydrochloric acid (36-38%), salicylic acid (≥99.5%), hydroxypropanoic acid (85–90%) and phosphoric acid (85%) were purchased from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Cyclohexanol (≥98.5%) and cyclohexanone (≥99.5%) were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (China). Sulfuric acid (95–98%) was bought from Shenyang Xinxi Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Zinc bromide (99.9%), zinc acetate (99.5%), zinc perchlorate hexahydrate, potassium bromide (99.9%), zinc iodide (≥98%), triphenylphosphine (≥99%), sodium 3-nitrobenzoate (≥95%), 2-nitrobenzoic acid (98%) and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (98%) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (China). All other reagents and solvents were purchased from China Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (China).
Syntheses, crystal structures, and antimicrobial activities of tetranuclear Ni4 and Ni2Zn2 complexes derived from tetradentate Schiff bases
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Jie Zhao, Jing Ji, Shiyi Wang, Yingying Luo, Zhonglu You
The Schiff bases HL1 and HL2 were readily prepared by the condensation reaction of equimolar quantities of 2-amino-4-tert-butylphenol with 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde or 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, respectively, in methanol at ambient conditions. Tetranuclear nickel complexes 1 and 2 were prepared by the reaction of equimolar quantities of the Schiff bases with nickel perchlorate in methanol. The hetero-tetranuclear nickel-zinc complexes 3 and 4 were prepared by the reaction of equimolar quantities of the Schiff bases with nickel perchlorate, sodium azide and zinc iodide (for 3) or zinc chloride (for 4) in methanol. All the complexes are soluble in methanol and ethanol. Single crystals of the complexes were obtained by slow evaporation of the methanolic solution of the complexes. The crystals of the complexes are stable in air at room temperature. Molar conductivities of the complexes within the normal values 32–41 Ω−1·cm2·mol−1 indicate their non-electrolytic nature [35].
Synthesis, crystal structures and urease inhibition of copper, nickel and zinc complexes derived from 4-chloro-2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)phenol
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Jing Ji, Shiyi Wang, Jie Zhao, Ting Yang, Jiaqi Wang, Zhonglu You
The Schiff base HL was facilely synthesized from 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 2-amino-4-chlorophenyl in methanol. The copper, nickel and zinc complexes were synthesized from HL with copper chloride, copper bromide, nickel acetate, zinc acetate, and zinc iodide, respectively, in methanol. All the complexes are soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMF and DMSO. The single crystals of the complexes are stable in air at room temperature. The molar conductance of the complexes was measured in methanol. The values of 18–45 Ω−1 M−1 cm−1 indicate that all of the complexes are nonelectrolytes in methanol [39]. So, it can be considered that the solid-state structures of the complexes in methanol is retained in solution.