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Materials and Energy from Waste Plastics
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Shadab Shahsavari, Gita Bagheri, Zahra Shokri, Shahin Shahsavari
In recent years, the use of metals as an influential factor in the remediation of polluted water has widely been investigated. Among these metals, more attention has been paid to the use of zero-valent iron because zero-valent iron nanoparticles are abundant, inexpensive, non-toxic, highly reactive, and highly effective in groundwater remediation. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles are an inexpensive, non-toxic electron donor to nitrate, and currently, it is one of the popular metal reducers. Numerous studies have shown that zero-valent iron nanoparticles are highly effective in decontaminating aqueous solutions. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles have a greater surface area and are more reactive than iron (II) particles. However, the strong tendency of these particles to antagonize and oxidize has made their use difficult. The aggregation feature of nanoparticles creates a mass of iron particles; therefore, the affinity of these materials is greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of these particles as well [36].
Oxidation and Reduction Approaches for Treatment of Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Published in David M. Kempisty, Yun Xing, LeeAnn Racz, Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment, 2018
Blossom N. Nzeribe, Selma M. Thagard, Thomas M. Holsen, Gunnar Stratton, Michelle Crimi
ZVI or nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an inexpensive groundwater remediation technology and is the most commonly used reductant for in situ groundwater remediation, as it is a strong reducing agent capable of successfully reducing major groundwater contaminants such as TCE (Phillips et al. 2010; Truex et al. 2011), arsenic (Sun et al. 2006; K. Lee et al. 2009), and hexavalent chromium (Franco et al. 2009; Němeček et al. 2014) in laboratory- and field-scale tests. ZVI can serve as a sorbent and/or a reductant. Recently, nZVI has had increased attention due to its higher reactivity and surface area compared with the micro-sized ZVI. In addition, the small size of nZVI makes its injection to the source of contamination faster and more effective. nZVI has successfully been applied for the remediation of chlorinated groundwater sites (Elliott et al. 2008; Lacina et al. 2015) and heavy metal–contaminated groundwater (Li et al. 2014; Fu et al. 2015). However, a limitation in the use of nZVI is its tendency to aggregate, which lowers its reactive surface area (Phenrat et al. 2007; Stefaniuk et al. 2016).
Iron Nanoparticles for Cr(VI) Removal from Contaminated Soil
Published in Marta I. Litter, Natalia Quici, Martín Meichtry, Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment, 2018
Luca Di Palma, Elisabetta Petrucci, Nicola Verdone, Giorgio Vilardi
In particular, zerovalent iron (ZVI) is an excellent electron donor, which is used to transform via reduction or indirect oxidation many common contaminants in soil and groundwater. The large surface area of ZVI nanoparticles with respect to microsized ZVI strongly enhances the reactivity for the transformation of the recalcitrant environmental pollutants, due to the very high surface energy for the redox process [53, 54].
Use of sponge iron dosing in baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater treatment plant effluents during autumn and winter
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Muyu Feng, Jinming Liang, Peng Wang, Ya’e Wang, Jie Li
The use of nontraditional materials in constructed wetlands could also improve the treatment effect (Yang et al. 2018). Zero-valent iron (ZVI), which is widely used for water treatment, has unique advantages in removing pollutants, promoting microbial activity, etc. Sleiman et al. (2016) confirmed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that ZVI and its oxides can adsorb phosphorus in the form of iron phosphate and remove it from the liquid form. Moreover, high reducibility (E0 = −0.44V) (Fu et al. 2014) of ZVI could act as an electron donor under anaerobic conditions, which enables the electron transfer from ZVI to reduce the formation of nitrate during denitrification. The underlying reactions are as follows (Liu et al. 2013):
Physico-Chemical Processes for the Treatment of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Blossom Nwedo Nzeribe, Michelle Crimi, Selma Mededovic Thagard, Thomas M. Holsen
ZVI or nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an inexpensive groundwater remediation amendment; it can serve as a sorbent and/or a reductant. ZVI is the most commonly used reductant for in situ groundwater remediation as it is a strong reducing agent capable of successfully remediating contaminated groundwater sites; such as chlorinated groundwater sites (Elliott, Lien, & Zhang, 2008; Phillips et al., 2010; Truex et al., 2011; Lacina et al., 2015), heavy metal contaminated groundwater sites (Sun, Wang, Zhang, Sui, & Xu, 2006; Lee, Lee, et al., 2009; Franco, Da Silva, & Jardim, 2009; Němeček, Lhotský, & Cajthaml, 2014; Li, Wang, Yan, & Zhang, 2014; Fu et al., 2015) in laboratory and field scale tests.
Water Processing for Isotope Recovery Using Porous Zero Valent Iron
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2020
George Larsen, Simona E. Hunyadi Murph, Kaitlin Coopersmith, Lucas Mitchell
Iron-based materials, such as porous, micro, and nanoscale materials, are particularly attractive for water splitting applications due to their large surface areas, which lead to improved kinetics. Zero valent iron (ZVI) has received significant attention as a source for permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation.14,15 It is also economically available in porous (p-ZVI) forms that provide additional surface areas for reactions. The properties of p-ZVI (e.g., low cost, nontoxic, favorable thermodynamics) are appealing for the cyclical treatment of tritiated water vapor, but it has not been investigated for this process, even though it is an ideal candidate.