China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Meltem Ocak, Emre Demirci, Jessie R. Nedrow, Rebecca Krimins
Yttrium-90 (T1/2=64.2 h) is a therapeutic radionuclide that emits a β-particle with a mean energy of 0.94 MeV and an average tissue penetration range of 2.5 mm. The selective targeting of Yttrium-90-TARE was first reported by Dr. Irving Ariel. In his study, patients with primary pancreatic and liver cancers were treated with 90Y-labeled ceramic microspheres injected intra-arterial at either the celiac axis or hepatic artery. The study concluded that the complications were minimal, and a significant number of patients experienced palliative effects as well as a few patients appearing to have increased survival [19]. Furthermore, the results were supportive of the continuation of exploring the use of Yttrium-90 for TARE. Yttrium-90 TARE agents are today still utilizing microspheres, which are either glass-based (Thrashers) or resin-based (SIR-Spheres) [20, 21]. Both TARE agents are FDA approved as devices under the humanitarian device exemption. Clinical trials mainly throughout the 1990s demonstrated that these agents were safe and effective in HCC (Thrashers) and metastatic colorectal cancer (SIR-Spheres) leading to their FDA approval in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Application of Liquid Membrane Technology at Back End of Nuclear Fuel Cycle—Perspective and Challenges
Published in Anil K. Pabby, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Kamalesh K. Sirkar, Ana-Maria Sastre, Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors, 2020
S. Panja, P. S. Dhami, J. S. Yadav, C. P. Kaushik
Yttrium-90, a pure β-emitter (Emax = 2.28MeV, T1/2 = 64.1h), is a potential therapeutic radionuclide formed by β– decay of 90Sr which can be used as a long lasting source for the generation of carrier-free 90Y. To separate 90Y from 90Sr, several techniques such as extraction chromatography, electrochemical, and supported liquid membrane-based generator systems were studied [21–24]. Among these, a two-stage supported liquid membrane (SLM)-based generator system [25,26] was pursued in our laboratories and found to be convenient for milking carrier-free 90Y. Based on extensive studies, the generator system was found to be suitable for getting high purity 90Y with respect to 90Sr ( < 10–6 Ci/Ci of 90Y, i.e., 10–4% of total activity) as desired for clinical grade 90Y. As per the European Pharmacopeia, the purity requirements with respect to α activity are more stringent (10–9 Ci/Ci 90Y) than compared to 90Sr [27].
Radiation-induced lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Max M Weder, M Patricia Rivera
Selective internal radiation with yttrium-90 is used to treat inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic metastasis. The radioisotope is usually injected into the hepatic artery during hepatic angiography. The development of radiation pneumonitis following selective internal radiation has been reported in several case series.56 In some of these patients, radiation pneu-monitis was attributed to increased hepatopulmonary shunting with subsequent intrapulmonary uptake of radioisotopes. Since the intraluminal diameter of the pulmonary vasculature decreases closer to the pleura, the characteristic pattern of radiographic opacities with sharp lateral margins that run parallel to the pleural surface57 could be related to lodging of yttrium particles in small peripheral pulmonary arterioles.
Investigation on the Sulfadiazine Schiff Base Adsorption Ability of Y(III) Ions from Nitrate Solutions, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2023
Amal E. Mubark, Samar E. Abd-El Razek, Ahmed A. Eliwa, Sabreen M. El-Gamasy
Yttrium is widely employed in astronavigation, luminescence, ceramics, nuclear energy, and metallurgical industries, and its purity is strictly enforced. For example, the fluorescent grade Y2O3 necessitates a content of significant REE impurities of 1 × 10−4 level or even lower.[23] It is often used as an additive in alloys as it increases the strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys.[24] It has also been employed as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethene and the manufacture of microwave filters for radar. The radioactive isotope yttrium-90 has medical uses, including the treatment of malignancies such as liver cancer. The market for highly pure yttrium (Y) compounds has grown significantly nowadays.[25]
Patient-specific gamma-index analysis to evaluate 99mTc-MAA as a predictor for 90Y glass microspheres liver radioembolisation dosimetry
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
PAULO FERREIRA, Francisco P. M. Oliveira, Rui Parafita, Pedro S. Girão, Paulo L. Correia, Durval C. Costa
For these reasons, Yttrium-90 (90Y)-labelled microspheres (MS) made of glass or resin can be delivered to the tumours through the bloodstream of the hepatic arteries (via cannulation through one of the femoral arteries). MS with 20–40-μm diameter are optimal to block the blood supply to the tumour, delivering a high dose of radiation, with no significant effect on the normal liver. However, such MS are too large to freely cross over through the capillary network, usually 8–10 μm in diameter.