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Surprises and Pitfalls in the Development of Magnesium Powder Metallurgy Alloys
Published in Leszek A. Dobrzański, George E. Totten, Menachem Bamberger, Magnesium and Its Alloys, 2020
Paul Burke, Yiannis G. Kipouros, William D. Judge, Georges J. Kipouros
Yttrium is used in some high-temperature wrought alloys, where mechanical properties are secondary to creep resistance. Yttrium is of use to magnesium P/M because, like calcium, it will disrupt the oxide of magnesium to improve sintering response. Above 584°C, a eutectic liquid forms which may help distribute yttrium to have a greater layer disruption effect. However, the large number of possible phases and intermetallics make it difficult to predict the behaviour of yttrium during sintering. Also, yttrium has such a strong affinity for oxygen that it may form its own surface layer, hindering any beneficial reactions with magnesium.
Y, 39]
Published in Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke, Trace Elements in Abiotic and Biotic Environments, 2015
Alina Kabata-Pendias, Barbara Szteke
Yttrium (Y), a silvery transition metal of group 3 in the periodic table of elements, is chemically similar to lanthanides, and often classified as a rare earth element (REE). It never occurs in nature as a free element. Its abundance in the Earth’s crust is within the range of 20–33 mg/kg. Its levels in mafic rocks are lower (0.5–20 mg/kg) than in acidic rocks (20–33 mg/kg) and in sandstone (15–25 mg/kg). It may be accumulated in some coal, up to about 170 mg/kg. The mean Y content of fly ash is about 44 mg/kg.
Effect of Y on microstructure and high temperature properties of wire-arc-additive-manufactured Al–Cu alloy deposits
Published in Welding International, 2022
Tingting Hao, Shuai Wang, Xu Wang, Yuchun Zhai, Yunlong Chang
Rare earth elements are chemically active and have unique physical properties and are widely added to aluminium alloys. The early stage of the study show that adding rare earth elements can refine grain, improve the microstructure and structural defects of aluminium alloy, and improve the thermal stability of aluminium alloy. Yttrium is a heavy rare earth element. Adding yttrium to Al–Cu alloy can improve the solid solubility of Cu element in Al, improve mechanical properties, refine and modify the microstructure and the second phase of the alloy [13,14]. In this paper, Y was added to Al–Cu alloy, the deposit was formed though WAAM process. The effect of Y on the high temperature structure, high temperature performance of Al–Cu alloy deposit was investigated. Laying a foundation for the application of WAAM Al–Cu alloy in high temperature state.
Studies on Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Yttrium and Separation from Other Rare Earth Elements Using Bifunctional Ionic Liquids
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2019
Niharbala Devi, Lala Behari Sukla
The rare earth elements consist of 17 elements of which 15 are lanthanides and the other two are scandium and yttrium. Based on their electronic configuration, they are classified as light group rare earth elements (LREE) and heavy group rare earth elements (HREE). These elements are now highly in demand for advanced technologies due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Yttrium, which is one of the heavy group rare earth elements, has enormous applications in many high-tech industries such as wind turbines, fluorescent lamps, cathode ray tubes, hybrid cars, disk drives, electronic components for missile and others. The main source of yttrium is xenotime, but it also occurs in other rare earth minerals, monazite and bastnasite. Recent review on yttrium from primary and secondary sources (Valentina et al. 2014) focused on the removal of yttrium from generic wastes, contaminant solutions and electronic wastes through hydrometallurgical process which consists of three steps, i.e. leaching, solvent extraction and electro-winning. Solvent extraction is a simple and vital technique used for metal recovery since long back. Literature review revealed that extraction and separation of yttrium from other rare earth elements using different types of classical extractants were studied by many researchers. Recently, the use of green solvents like ionic liquids has gained special attention in solvent extraction technique, where they were used to extract different metal ions. All these surveys are presented in Table 1.
Investigation on the Sulfadiazine Schiff Base Adsorption Ability of Y(III) Ions from Nitrate Solutions, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2023
Amal E. Mubark, Samar E. Abd-El Razek, Ahmed A. Eliwa, Sabreen M. El-Gamasy
Yttrium is widely employed in astronavigation, luminescence, ceramics, nuclear energy, and metallurgical industries, and its purity is strictly enforced. For example, the fluorescent grade Y2O3 necessitates a content of significant REE impurities of 1 × 10−4 level or even lower.[23] It is often used as an additive in alloys as it increases the strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys.[24] It has also been employed as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethene and the manufacture of microwave filters for radar. The radioactive isotope yttrium-90 has medical uses, including the treatment of malignancies such as liver cancer. The market for highly pure yttrium (Y) compounds has grown significantly nowadays.[25]