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Kinetics of Vanadium Sorption/Desorption in Soils
Published in Jörg Rinklebe, Vanadium in Soils and Plants, 2023
Tamer A. Elbana, Wenguang Sun, Joshua Padilla, H. Magdi Selim
The formation of attractive colors of vanadium (V) species in solutions is related to its various oxidation states. The valence state of V varies widely from −2 to +5, where V forms numerous cationic, anionic and organometallic compounds. In soil, V (+3, +4, +5) occurs in mineral lattices, and it exists as free vanadate anions (+5) in soil solution (Madejón, 2013). Oxocation such as VO2+ is dominant in acidic soils, whereas anions such as VO3−,, HVO42−, and H2VO4− occur in nonacidic soils (Kabata-Pendias and Sadurski, 2004). However, plants absorb soluble tetravalent (oxocation vanadyl: VO2+) and pentavalent (oxoanion vanadate: HVO42− and H2VO4−) species (Welch, 1973; Hopkins et al., 1977; Morrell et al., 1986). Vanadate toxicity is attributed to its similarity with o-phosphate and its ability to substitute for P (Hurlbut and Klein, 1977; Gustafsson, 2019). A worldwide concentration of V in agricultural soils is reported in a range of 15 mg kg−1 to 250 mg kg−1 (Teng et al., 2011) and 10 mg kg−1 to 500 mg kg−1, with an average of 60 mg kg−1 (Kabata-Pendias and Mukherjee, 2007). Vanadium ecological soil screening levels of 7.8 mg kg−1 and 280 mg kg−1 are derived for avian and mammalian species, respectively (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2005). However, accidental V release endangers the soil environment and living organisms. In 2010, the spill of red mud slurry containing a high V concentration of 870 mg kg−1 polluted soils and natural water resources of Hungary (Ruyters et al., 2011). Mayes et al., 2016 recommended the necessity of long-term monitoring of vanadate in such polluted soils due to its potential toxic effect. Improper use of a slag containing 3% V on a farm in northern Sweden caused toxicity and death of 23 heifers and depression of milk production for the surviving cows (Frank et al., 1996). While V is involved in nitrogen fixation bacteria and enzymes, high V concentrations cause plant damage due to its oxidative effects (Imtiaz et al., 2015).
Potential use of Bacillus genera for metals removal from spent catalysts
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Marlenne Gómez-Ramírez, Norma G. Rojas-Avelizapa, Regina Hernández-Gama, Sergio A. Tenorio-Sánchez, Edgar O. López-Villegas
Six environmental samples (Table 1) from sites close to mineral mines were used for the enrichment and isolation of Ni2+ and V5+ tolerant microorganisms. Enrichment populations allowed obtaining 17 isolates: an yeast and 16 bacterial colonies. A microscopic description from Gram stain in bacteria and yeast showed bacterial predominant morphologies: 11 Gram-positive bacilli, two Gram-positive cocci, three Gram-negative bacilli, and one yeast (Table 2). Gram-positive bacteria were dominant 76% of the total isolates, Gram-negative 18%, and 6% yeasts. When MIC studies on Ni2+ and V5+ were done, only seven isolates tolerated a MIC >200 mg/L to Ni2+ and V5+ as shown in Table 2. The tailing material from the “Nopal” and “Valenciana” mines has been accumulated since the late 1,500 s. Tailings have been cataloged as hazardous wastes with the potentiality to generate acid mine drainage and metal-rich leachates.[35] Microbial life in a polluted environment like mine tailing could challenge microorganisms in many ways, which is reflected in the fact of a greater demand for energy to survive to pollutant toxicity. The ability to grow even at high metal and metalloids concentrations can be found in many microorganisms and may be the result of intrinsic or induced mechanisms, as accumulation, resistance or, more interestingly, by reducing their bio-availability or toxicity through biomethylation and transformation.[10,36] For biological systems, heavy metals affect cellular organelles and components such as cell membrane, mitochondrial, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, some enzymes involved in metabolism, detoxification, and damage repair. Metallic ions have been found to interact with cell components such as DNA and nuclear proteins, causing DNA damage and conformational changes that may lead to cell cycle modulation, carcinogenesis, or apoptosis.[37] Contact with nickel compounds (both soluble and insoluble) can cause a variety of adverse effects on human health. The most important and frequent are nickel allergy in the form of dermatitis, lung fibrosis, cardiovascular and kidney diseases, and lung and nasal cancer.[38] High concentrations of vanadium compounds cause inhibition of several enzymes including oxidative phosphorylation. In human, vanadate-related compounds cause acute or chronic poisoning, affecting the respiratory and digestive system, also cause heart palpitations, exhaustion, depression, trembling of fingers and hands, and a characteristic green tongue.[39]