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Arsenals of Pharmacotherapeutically Active Proteins and Peptides: Old Wine in a New Bottle
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Aromatic Amino Acids: Amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are aromatic in nature. These amino acids contain a benzene ring. In tryptophan, an indole ring with a propanoic group is found [12, 13].
Shiftwork and Safety
Published in Peggy Westfall-Lake, Glenn N. McBride, Shiftwork Safety and Performance, 2020
Peggy Westfall-Lake, Glenn N. McBride
Wurtman has found that the brain is very selective about the amino acids that it accepts to facilitate learning, thinking, and staying alert. Your brain uses tyrosine to make the neurotransmitters that are apparently crucial to alertness, quick thinking, fast reactions, and memory. Alternately, it uses tryptophan to make the neurotransmitter that slows you down, makes you sleepy and mellow, and reduces your desire for control!
Proteins for Conditioning Hair and Skin
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Individual amino acids and derivatives are used for specific effects. Tyrosine and derivatives find application in sun care products because of their involvement in skin coloration processes, synthetic and natural. Gelatin glycine enriched with lysine was reported to reduce the irritancy of emulsions containing 10% glycolic acid while enhancing recovery of skin elasticity and depigmentation of age spots (50). Use of acetyl cysteine was recently patented by Procter and Gamble as an alternative to alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) for the removal of dead skin. The method utilizes sulfhydryl compounds such as this to improve skin suppleness and smoothness and to treat acne (45).
Kinetic modeling and statistical optimization of submerged production of anti-Parkinson’s prodrug L-DOPA by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Ananya Naha, Santosh Kumar Jha, Hare Ram Singh, Muthu Kumar Sampath
Batch production of L-DOPA under submerged condition was performed in a bioreactor of 3 l (Eppendorf BioFlo 120, USA). Seed culture was prepared by cultivating the bacteria in a modified M9 medium for 16 h at 28 °C on 200 rpm. A 5% v/v seed culture (108 CFU/ml viable cell count) of P. fluorescens was inoculated in the bioreactor with 1.5 l of optimized production medium as a working volume. The batch was run at 28 °C, 1VVM airflow on 200 rpm for 30 h at pH 6.8 ± 0.2. The statistically designed media components and their respective concentration supplemented with different concentrations of L-tyrosine was used as production media. 1 ml supernatant was taken and checked for L-DOPA production by performing L-DOPA spectrophotometric assay, FTIR analysis, and ESI-MS scanning.
Transhumanist Genetic Enhancement: Creation of a ‘New Man’ Through Technological Innovation
Published in The New Bioethics, 2021
A second major difficulty in determining correlations between genes and traits is that many genes are associated with more than one trait. Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits (Paaby and Rockman 2013). It should not be confused with polygenic traits in which multiple genes contribute to a single phenotype; but commonly, polygenes are pleiotropic adding a further complication to establishing their contribution to the phenotype. For example, the amino acid tyrosine is needed for protein synthesis, and is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, and for thyroid hormones. Mutations in any one of the genes that affect tyrosine synthesis or metabolism may affect the synthesis of various proteins and metabolites, neurotransmission, growth and development, etc.; such mutations can have an effect on almost every physiological process and on multiple body systems (Lobo 2008b).