China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Changes of the carbon isotopic composition of trichloroethylene during aerobic biodegradation: a new tool to estimate removal efficiencies
Published in Poul L. Bjerg, Peter Engesgaard, Thomas D. Krom, Groundwater 2000, 2020
J.A.C. Barth, R.M. Kalin, D. Clarke, M. Larkin, C. Schüth, M. Bill, G. Slater, B. Sherwood. Lollar
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has long been known as a serious pollutant in soil- and groundwater systems, because it is a suspected carcinogen (Yeh & Kastenberg 1991). Among other methods of removal, natural and/or engineered bioattenuation holds a large potential to effectively degrade TCE from soil- and ground water systems (i.e. Bourg et al. 1992). TCE can be degraded aerobically by a co-metabolic process that requires phenol as a primary substrate. This generates the enzyme toluene-orhto mono-oxygenase (TOM), which is necessary for TCE degradation (Hopkins et al. 1993, Leahy et al. 1996, Subbalaxmi & Shreve 1999). Here we compared isotope effects during aerobic TCE degradation at different cell densities as a new tool to estimate the efficiency of aerobic TCE biodegradation. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 was grown in a minimal salt medium with 2 mM phenol as a primary substrate. The bacteria were then re-suspended at cell densities of 0.5 and 0.8 (OD540) with an initial aqueous TCE concentration of 55 mg/L. The 13C/12C ratios are in permil deviations from the Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard (δ13C in ‰ VPDB, Clark & Fritz, 1997).
1
Published in J. Russell Boulding, Epa Environmental Engineering Sourcebook, 2019
Hugh H. Russell, John E. Matthews, Guy W. Sewell
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a halogenated aliphatic organic compound which, due to its unique properties and solvent effects, has been widely used as an ingredient in industrial cleaning solutions and as a “universal” degreasing agent. TCE, perchloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethane (TCA) are the most frequently detected volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in ground water in the United States (Fischer et al., 1987). Approximately 20% of 315 wells sampled in a New Jersey study contained TCE and/or other VOCs above the 1 ppb detection limit (Fusillo et al., 1985). The presence of TCE has led to the closure of water supply wells on Long Island, NY and in Massachusetts (Josephson, 1983). Detectable levels of at least one of 18 VOCs, including TCE, were reported in 15.9% of 63 water wells sampled in Nebraska, a state having a low population density and industrial base (Goodenkauf and Atkinson, 1986).
Justice, environmental health laws and relations between people
Published in Friedo Zölzer, Gaston Meskens, Ethics of Environmental Health, 2017
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used solvent and metal degreaser, is a common environmental contaminant in air, soil, surface water and groundwater. ‘TCE has been linked to cancer, including childhood cancer, and other significant health hazards, such as birth defects’ (U.S. GAO 2008, 39–40). TCE also likely causes Parkinson's disease (Goldman et al. 2012). This substance has been in the risk hopper for more than twenty years as of 2008; by now that time has become 27 years. Dioxin is a bioaccumulating, human carcinogen, likely transgenerational toxicant and endocrine disruptor (Manikkam et al. 2012) that in 2008 had been in risk procedures for more than seventeen years (U.S. GAO 2008, 41). By now it has been in process for 25 years. Perchloroethylene (perc), used in dry cleaning, metal degreasing, and in making some consumer products, is a probable carcinogen and a common groundwater contaminant that has been under review for more than twenty years (U.S. GAO, 2008, 41). Developing risk numbers for formaldehyde has been a messy process. It is a known human carcinogen that also damages the respiratory system. There were early efforts to establish risk numbers in 1989 and 1990, but there have been various stops and restarts since then. One effort to provide a risk assessment had to be restarted because new data became available. One could say that efforts to establish risk data have been in process for 26 years. Naphthalene, ‘used in jet fuel and in the production of widely used commercial products such as moth balls, dyes, insecticides, and plasticizers’, is a probable human carcinogen. It has been under review for more than sixteen years (U.S. GAO 2008, 35).
Removal of tetrachloroethene from polluted air by activated sludge
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Agnieszka Tabernacka, Ewa Zborowska, Katarzyna Pogoda, Marcin Żołądek
Emissions of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons from industrial plants cause deterioration of air quality and are a potential threat to human and animal health. In the atmosphere, these compounds undergo photochemical transformations, which lead to the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic substances, such as phosgene, dichloroacetyl chloride and formyl chloride [1]. These compounds can be transported very long distances on air currents. Trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) are widely used as solvents, in laundry and for degreasing metals. They are also used in the paper and textile industries, electronics, in the production of paints and in the printing industry. Due to their improper methods of storage, use and disposal, these compounds are currently dangerous pollutants of soil, surface water, groundwater and even water for consumption in many industrialised regions of the world [2].
Environmental contaminants and preeclampsia: a systematic literature review
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Emma M. Rosen, MG Isabel Muñoz, Thomas McElrath, David E. Cantonwine, Kelly K. Ferguson
Although many contaminants enter the drinking water supply and may pose a health risk, certain chemicals are more likely to end up there either due to their chemical properties or their uses. Chlorinated disinfection byproducts are produced during the process of utilizing chlorine to treat drinking water, but exposure to hazardous byproducts has been linked to adverse reproductive outcomes (Gopal et al. 2007; Nieuwenhuijsen et al. 2000). No apparent studies on chlorinated disinfection byproducts and preeclampsia were identified. Chlorinated solvents are another class of common water contaminants, used in many commercial and industrial applications and thus among the most common pollutants at industrial sites (Matteucci, Ercole, and Del Gallo 2015). Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are frequently used as metal degreasers and PCE is also employed in dry-cleaning facilities (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2014). PCE and TCE are some of the most frequently detected organic chemicals in groundwater and their ability to penetrate deep into aquifers creates risks of widespread groundwater contamination (Moran, Zogorski, and Squillace 2007).
Role of miR-182-5p overexpression in trichloroethylene-induced abnormal cell cycle functions in human HepG2 cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Yan Jiang, Zijie Zhou, Ren Fei, Xuan Zhou, Jin Wang, Yizhou Tao, Jianxiang Li, Tao Chen
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a volatile unsaturated fat halogenated hydrocarbon solvent, is widely used in industrial settings as metal degreasing agent, refrigerant and extraction agent (EPA 2011). Due to widespread use and environmental persistence, TCE is frequently detected in air, soil, groundwater, and food (EPA 2011, 2017). TCE is absorbed mainly through inhalation, drinking contaminated water and dermal contact (EPA 2011). Various investigators suggested that TCE is metabolized by similar metabolic pathways in humans and mice, mainly through the cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation and glutathione conjugation pathways in liver and kidney, respectively (Lash, Putt, and Parker 2006; Luo et al. 2018; NTP 1990).