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Materials and Energy from Waste Plastics
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Shadab Shahsavari, Gita Bagheri, Zahra Shokri, Shahin Shahsavari
The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases the specific surface area and photocatalytic activity compared to micrometer particles. Titanium dioxide is used either in nanopowder form in suspensions, or as granular filters in water treatment processes [39]. Each of these systems has advantages and disadvantages, and they differ in the speed and efficiency of water treatment. For example, the yield of suspended titanium dioxide nanopowders is higher than that of other systems. A good solution to reducing the loss of these nanoparticles is to use nanocrystalline microspheres. These nanocrystals are suspended by air bubbling in water and settle on the water side [40].
In Vivo Studies
Published in Vineet Kumar, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Nanotoxicology, 2018
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles account for 70% of the total production volume of pigments worldwide and are widely used in paints, plastics, papers, inks, food colorants, and toothpastes to provide them with whiteness and opacity, and in cosmetic and skin care products, especially sun blocks and sunscreens to protect the skin because of their ability to block ultraviolet light. They are used as disinfectants in the environment and wastewater to kill both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and to remove contaminants from both water and air (Wei et al. 1994; Cho et al. 2004; Gelover et al. 2006; Tsuji et al. 2006).
Toxicity of Nanomaterial-Based Systems in Drug Delivery
Published in Jince Thomas, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Jiya Jose, Nanoparticles in Polymer Systems for Biomedical Applications, 2019
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in commercial sunscreen and cosmetics due to its UV-light blocking properties; also, it provides better transparency and esthetics to creams. TiO2 nanoparticles cause toxicity, affecting cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, mobility, apoptosis, etc.59 The penetrative effect of TiO2 was studied by the repeated administration of TiO2 containing sunscreen on the skin of volunteers. The studies revealed that TiO2 penetrated into the open part of a hair follicle.
Effects of three nanomaterials on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and production of reactive oxygen species of diatom Nitzschia Palea
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2022
Yang Cai, Weijie Mu, Kun Jia, Di Huo, Yuhang Wang, Yawen Fan
Nanomaterials recently have received a great deal of attention because of their vast production unique, chemical and physical properties [1,2]. Among these applied NPs, nano titanium dioxide (TiO2), nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) have significant advantages due to their low price, simple preparation process, and large production scale [3–5]. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used in a variety of fields, such as the production of sunscreens, cosmetics, paints and coatings, as well as environmental restoration in air, soil and water pollution [6–8]. Besides, nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) is the third most noteworthy globally delivered nanometal, after nano-SiO2 and TiO2, which was well known because of the efficient antibacterial properties over the conventional ZnO [9,10]. Due to their characteristics such as great mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and nano-size, etc., for carbon nanotubes, they have gained a wide range in virtually of industries, such as cosmetics, chemical substances, and electronics [11].
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 via sol-gel method for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic ofloxacin
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Kanza Mushtaq, Muhammad Saeed, Warda Gul, Mamoona Munir, Aswa Firdous, Tayyaba Yousaf, KhushBakhat Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan Sarwar, Muhammad Asad Riaz, Sara Zahid
A simple sol-gel method was proved to be successful method for the preparation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles at room temperature. The obtained nanoparticles were calcined at different temperature of 300, 350, 400, and 450 to examine the change in their properties by changing temperature. The TiO2 calcined at 300 °C exhibit anatase morphology and spherical shape. The FTIR analysis showed a peak at 523 cm−1 confirmed the formation of anatase moiety. The particle size and surface area was investigated by SEM analysis. Results indicated that by changing temperature, morphologies, surface area and shape of TiO2 was effected. TiO2 that calcined at 300, 350, 400, and 450 °C degrade Ofloxacin from water solution to almost 91, 87, 76, and 64%, respectively. It was observed that the rate of degradation of Ofloxacin is in direct relation with increase in time. Results of this study proved that TiO2 calcined at low temperature had greater photo catalytic activity. This method of photo degradation by TiO2 under visible light irradiation was proved an efficient and cost-effective method to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water sample at low cost. However, the appreciable performance of TiO2 nanoscale material can be attributed their unique dimensionality and tuned bad gap to dynamically enhance their photocatalytic performance. This strategy could provide a guiding principal to design composite material with improved light harvesting ability. This method could be useful for future researchers to remove pollutants that cannot be removed by simple sewage treatment plants.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Optimization of Titanium Dioxide–Water Nanofluids in a Turbulent Flow Regime
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2020
Mehdi Mehrabi, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori Rahim Abadi, Josua Petrus Meyer
A year later, the above authors [21] introduced a new correlation by considering the effect of the average particle diameter of the nanoparticles on the convective heat transfer of titanium dioxide–water nanofluids. Subsequent to the careful analysis of the experimental data obtained for four different average diameters of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a correlation was proposed as a function of the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, nanoparticles volume concentration, and average particle size diameter. where dbf in Equation (8) is the molecular diameter of the base fluid and is defined as: