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Wastewater Characteristics
Published in Syed R. Qasim, Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2017
There are a number of other tests that are more rapid tools to quantify the organic matter in wastewater samples. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) tests have been presented in Table 3-10. Other tests that are also used to express the organic strength of wastewaters are total oxygen demand (TOD) and theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). TOD measurement uses the conversion of organic compounds into stable oxides in a platinum-catalyzed combustion chamber. This test is quickly performed if instrumentation is available. ThOD measurement is based on stoichiometric relations. There are certain relations among BOD5, COD, TOC, TOD and ThOD tests. For each wastewater such relations must be established by laboratory measurement program. The degree of correlation depends on the consistency of the constituents. The typical ratios between different tests for domestic and many industrial wastewaters are available in the literature.2,31,32 Methods commonly used for measurement of organic matter in water and wastewater are summarized in Table 3-11.
A Novel Approach to Simplified Respirometric Oxygen Demand Determinations
Published in John M. Bell, Proceedings of the 43rd Industrial Waste Conference May 10, 11, 12, 1988, 1989
Cadena Fernando, Aleksander Drohobyczer, Martha I. Beach, David Barnes
The precision and accuracy of an instrument may be determined by comparing measured values against known standards. A reduced inorganic compound with known theoretical oxygen demand, ThOD, may be used as a standard. Sodium sulfite, an easily oxidizable compound, is commonly used for this purpose (this chemical is also used during the standard chemical calibration of the EBOD apparatus). Reaction 4 represents the complete oxidation of sodium sulfite to sulfate in the presence of oxygen: () 4Na++2SO32−+O2→CO2+4Na++2SO42−
Ecosystem Partitioning and Solute Transport
Published in Arthur W. Hounslow, Water Quality Data, 2018
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of oxygen consumed by an organic compound undergoing decomposition. It may be expressed in two ways: BOD5 is defined as the mg oxygen consumed per liter of solution, or as gram of O2 consumed per gram of compound, over a period of 5 d. Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) is the amount of oxygen needed to oxidize hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O. A graph showing BOD and ThOD is given in Figure 8.17.
Ozone as a Pretreatment Method for Antibiotic Contaminated Wastewater and Sludge
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Igor Boševski, Gabriela Kalčikova, Janez Cerkovnik, Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn
Aerobic biodegradability was assessed according to ISO 9408, 1999. This method evaluates the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds, by determining oxygen demand in a closed respirometer, using aerobic microorganisms. Tiamulin (400 mg L−1) was added to an inoculum and degradation was followed over a period of at least 28 days (20 ± 2℃). The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for the degradation of the organic compound (after correction by comparison with the blank test) is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) calculated from the formula of the compound.