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Published in Joseph C. Salamone, Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, 2020
The general method of obtaining Polyvinyltetrazoles (PVT) is a radical polymerization of corresponding monomers. In the case of p-5VT reactions, chemical modifications are of great practical importance. Early syntheses of N-vinyltetrazoles were carried out by the scheme including alkylation of tetrazoles by 2-chloroethanol, chlorination by thionyl chloride and dehydrohalogenation. The main methods for synthesis of 5-substituted tetrazoles are based on the reaction of the tetrazole ring formation by interaction of nitriles with ammonium or aluminium azides. Vinyltetrazoles readily polymerize by the radical mechanism in bulk, solution, and emulsion. Vinyltetrazoles enter into the radical copolymerization with the most of vinyl monomers. The tetrazolcontaining polyacids are capable to form interpolymer complexes through hydrogen bonds with weak polybases in solution. The initial practical interest in PVT was due to their high density, coupled with ability to destruct and to bum with evolution of large amounts of energy and gaseous products.
Biosynthesis and characterization of magnetic starch-silver nanocomposite: catalytic activity in eco-friendly media
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Atefeh Nasiri, Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh, Daryoush Zareyee
Tetrazoles are a group of heterocyclic compounds used in various areas of science and industry, including medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, and material science [8, 9]. Given the medicinal and biological functions of aryl aminotetrazoles (e.g., antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-asthmatic and anti-HIV properties), their synthesis has attracted much attention [9–11]. Various methods such as aminoguanidine derivative diazotization, azidation of cyanamides, benzotriazole-1-ylcarboximidamides, thioureas, carbodiimides, and amino imino methane sulfonic acids, thermal isomerization of 1-substituted-5-amino-1H-tetrazoles in boiling ethylene glycol or melt state (180–200 °C), and addition of amines to tetrazoles with leaving groups in position 5 can be used to synthesize these bioactive compounds [3]. The significant drawbacks of these methods include harsh reaction conditions, long reaction times, low yields, by-product formation, application of costly and poisonous reagents, homogeneous catalysts and excess amounts of toxic hydrazoic acid, hard to obtain and/or synthesize starting materials, complicated work-up methods, and formation of the 5-arylamino-1H-tetrazole (A) and 1-aryl-5-amino-1H-tetrazole (B) isomeric mixture. These limitations need to be overcome to enhance the efficiency of aryl aminotetrazole synthesis. The problems associated with recovery of catalysts limit their widespread industrial application. Therefore, selection of a proper catalyst for synthesis of aryl aminotetrazole is an essential factor.
Nano-Fe3O4/In: a heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of tetrazole derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Soheila Samadi Garjaei, Nadiya Koukabi, Ahmad Nouri Parouch
Domino reactions are considered an effective tool to synthesize large and complex molecules, and they received increasing attention because of features comprising a single-stage reaction, no intermediary separation, reduction in use of solvent quantity. All those features can lead to a reduction in energy use.[23] Multicomponent reactions are a special class of domino reactions that are great for the formation of heterocycles as they show good advantages over multi-step reactions such as a single-step synthesis, high selectivity, high reaction yield.[23,24] In a multicomponent reaction, three or more reactants react together and formed a product that has all features starting material.[25] In this study, an Indium-based magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4/In) was designed to produce a set of heterocycles. Tetrazoles are 5-membered heterocyclic compounds with four Nitrogen atoms.[26] They are important in pharmacy and biology as an antiulcer, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, Antihypertensive, and an effective agent for treating diabetes.[27–30] Further, Tetrazoles are employed as ligands and explosives.[31,32] Herein, design and production of Tetrazole derivatives using aldehyde, sodium azide, and malononitrile reactants via multinomial domino reactions under mild and solvent-free conditions have been reported. For optimizing the reaction conditions, an experimental design program was used.
Advancement of corrosion inhibitor system through N-heterocyclic compounds: a review
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2023
Rashika Batra, Ashish Kumar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Sanjeeve Thakur, Balaram Pani, Savas Kaya
Tetrazoles being 5-membered ring, this N-heterocyclic compound possesses four nitrogen atoms primarily with a general formula of CN4H2. Tetrazole being a crystalline solid shows solubility in aqueous as well as alcoholic solvents. Numerous applications associated with tetrazole have been located in pharmaceutical, agriculture and several other fields. The presence of four nitrogen atoms along with ring electrons arises the possibility of triazoles for corrosion inhibition [139]. Various instances reported in literature evidenced potential of triazoles used as corrosion inhibitors.