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N-Polyheterocycles
Published in Navjeet Kaur, Metals and Non-Metals, 2020
Heterocyclic compounds are widely used in biological, chemical, and industrial settings. They form the core of several pharmaceutical agents and biologically active natural products and are also applied in corrosion inhibitors and herbicides. Various naturally occurring compounds possess benzo-fused heteroaromatic structures having a wide range of pharmaceutical applications (like anti-microbial and anti-biotic) [1a–f]. Many synthetic methods have been employed for the synthesis of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-membered benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds for their wide range of medicinal applications due to their ability to bind with multiple receptors with high affinity. These compounds are ‘bicyclic privileged structures’ and are defined as “a single molecular framework able to provide ligands for diverse receptors” [2–7].
Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State
Published in Vera M. Kolb, Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications, 2017
Microwave heating is considered a green energy method, because it achieves high temperatures quickly, and the reaction times are generally shortened. Many solid-state reactions (and also solid/liquid and liquid/liquid reactions) are facilitated by using microwave heating. Student-friendly laboratory experiments on this subject have been recently published by Leadbeater and McGowan (2013). Also, microwave heating has been used in the student-achievable synthesis of heterocyclic compounds (e.g., Musiol et al., 2006). Heterocyclic compounds have outstanding applications in pharmaceutical industry, because they exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others.
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
Published in Arthur W. Hounslow, Water Quality Data, 2018
When nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and phosphorus atoms join with carbon atoms to form a ring, they are called heterocyclic compounds. They have two or more types of atoms making up the ring. A large number of naturally occurring substances are heterocyclics. There are three common nomenclature conventions.
Review on Chemistry of Oxazole derivatives: Current to Future Therapeutic Prospective
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Sweta Joshi, Meenakshi Mehra, Ramandeep Singh, Satinder Kakar
Heterocyclic compounds are extensively used for therapeutic purpose, research areas and industries. Heterocycle containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms are a vital class of compounds in the medicinal chemistry. There has been interest in the biology and chemistry of heterocyclic molecules for researchers from decades, and oxazole moiety has become popular in the last few years considering its increasing relevance in the area of medicinal chemistry [1]. Oxazole contains two unsaturation in a five-membered ring including A carbon atom supports a nitrogen atom at position 3 and an oxygen atom at position 1, respectively [2]. The structure of oxazole derivatives exerts divergent weak interactions like hydrophobic effect, Vanderwaals force, hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, ion-dipole and pi-pi bond; hence the derivatives exhibit potential application in agricultural, biotechnology, medicinal, chemical and material sciences [3]. From past, an immense number of oxazole derived medicinal agents have been used clinically shown on compounds (1–6) (Figure 1), such as Linezolid, Furazolidone, Toloxatone, Oxaprozin, Ditazole, and Aleglitazar [4].
UDC: 612.084:636 the effect of 2-oxoindoline-3-glyoxylic acid derivatives on animals’ behavioral and autonomic reactions in the open field test
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Ruslan V. Lutsenko, Oleksiy V. Storozhenko, Antonina H. Sydorenko, Svetlana Yu. Chechotina, Olga A. Lutsenko
The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been one of the largest sources for developing new drugs in recent years. Developing drugs from this group enables researchers to synthesize a whole list of substances based on one specific compound, all of which have various physicochemical and biological properties capable of modifying the function of many different receptors [8]. Oxoindole and its homologous structures are considered to be suitable substances for synthesizing new derivatives of the indole series. Studying oxoindoles is quite relevant as they show high physiological and pharmacological activity [9]. New substances of this class include derivatives of 2-oxoindoline-3-glyoxylic acid with established antihypoxic, anxiolytic, antioxidant, and nootropic activity [1,10]. Previous studies have shown that derivatives of 2-oxoindolin-3-glyoxylic acid are low-toxic [11,12]. It has been demonstrated that derivatives of 2-oxoindolin-3-glyoxylic acid do not decrease the tone of skeletal muscles, and some compounds enhance animal endurance in the ‘vertical screen’ test, as well as exhibit hormone-like effects [13]. This leads to studying the effect of 2-oxoindoline derivatives on animals’ behavior as a part of a further search for neuropsychotropically active substances among those derivatives.
Synthesis of six- and seven-membered and larger heterocylces using Au and Ag catalysts
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2018
Heterocycles are very important for well-functioning of human society. Heterocycle moiety is present in various pharmaceutically active compounds and natural products.[1–4] Transition metal catalyzed reactions are most attractive protocols among a number of new synthetic methodologies because multiply substituted molecules were constructed directly under mild conditions from easily available starting substrates. The development of newer transformations for heterocycle syntheses using atom economical and efficient pathways is a popular research area nowadays.[5–7] There is a need for the development of rapid, efficient and versatile strategy for the synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Metal involving methods have gained prominence because traditional conditions have disadvantages such as harsh reaction conditions, enhanced reaction times, and limited substrate scopes.[8–10]