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Pharmaceutical Natural and Synthetic Colorants, Pigments, Dyes, and Lakes: Applications, Perspectives, and Regulatory Aspects
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Sanjay Kumar Bharti
The blending of the colors is the process where individual colorant is blended to produce various shade formation. The process leads to satisfactory hues or shades which attract the consumers and this glorious effect cannot be achieved by a single colorant [70]. The classical example includes when Green S is added to distilled water, a greenish-blue coloration is produced, but as tartrazine is added to the above solution, a more satisfactory green color result [71]. Similarly, brilliant blue FCF produces numerous green shades [72]. The US National Formulary has put forward certain guidelines regarding the proportions of colorants (water and oil soluble) to produce various approved hues for a number of drug preparations [73]. The quality control of the colored formulations is done by spectral studies and physico-chemical characterization [74].
Response surface methodology approach for the optimization of tartrazine removal by heterogeneous photo-Fenton process using mesostructured Fe2O3-suppoted ZSM-5 prepared by chitin-templating
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
Fernanda Caroline Drumm, Jivago Schumacher de Oliveira, Edson Luiz Foletto, Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Erico Marlon Moraes Flores, Michele Stéfani Peters Enders, Edson Irineu Müller, Sérgio Luiz Janh
Dye-containing industrial effluents can cause environmental impacts if inappropriately discharged in water bodies due to their high toxicity (Combes and Haveland-Smith, 1982). Specifically tartrazine, a carcinogenic azo dye, is widely used in food and cosmetic industries (Combes and Haveland-Smith, 1982). Some methods used for the tartrazine removal from aqueous effluents include adsorption (Banerjee and Chattopadhyaya, 2017), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (Chekiret al., 2017), anion-exchange resins (Wawrzkiewicz and Hubicki, 2009), and microbial degradation (Singh, 2015). Among them, AOPs are well known to be a highly efficient alternative for the treatment of organic contaminants present in wastewater (Vaizoğullar, 2017; Boczkaj and Fernandes, 2017). These processes are based on the generation of strong oxidizing agents, especially the hydroxyl radical (HO•), which react faster with organic compounds, resulting in their degradation (Arslan-Alaton et al., 2009; Su et al., 2015). Although different AOP methodologies exist, the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process has been demonstrated to be a highly promising technology to remove organic pollutants from aqueous effluents (Anchieta et al., 2014; Dang et al., 2016; Mirzaei et al., 2017). The technique applies the combination of iron-based catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, and light irradiation in an acidic aqueous medium (pH ≤ 3) (Anchieta et al., 2015; Severo et al., 2016), producing highly oxidative radicals (•OH) (Pignatello, 1992), leading to a rapid degradation of pollutant molecules.
Biosorption mechanisms of cationic and anionic dyes in a low-cost residue from brewer’s spent grain
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Thiago Peixoto de Araújo, Fernanda de Oliveira Tavares, Daniel Tait Vareschini, Maria Angélica S. D. Barros
Methylene blue (MB) is the most commonly used soluble dye in adsorption assays. It is an important basic dye widely used for printing calico, dyeing cotton, wood and leather, oxidation–reduction indicator and as antiseptic for medicinal purposes [15]. Spite its wide range of use, some drawbacks are also observed. MB can cause eye burns, nausea, vomiting, profuse sweating, mental confusion and methemoglobinemia [16]. Tartrazine yellow (TY) is an azo dye, commonly used in the colouring of foods, beverages, medicines and cosmetics. Nevertheless, it can be danger to human health and has been extensively investigated as it may trigger urticaria, allergic reactions, and asthma [17]. Thus, wastewater containing these dyes must be treated before discharge.
Evaluation of a magnetic coagulant based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera extract on tartrazine removal: coagulation-adsorption and kinetics studies
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Gustavo Affonso Pisano Mateus, Tássia Rhuna Tonial dos Santos, Isabela Sperandino Sanches, Marcela Fernandes Silva, Murilo Barbosa de Andrade, Michele Putti Paludo, Raquel Guttierres Gomes, Rosângela Bergamasco
Among the common dyes, tartrazine stands out for its wide use in the food industry. Tartrazine is a water soluble azo dye that is synthetic, anionic, yellow in colour and which contains two sulphonic groups, one azo (N = N) and one carboxylic functional group. Tartrazine is widely used in various food products (sweets, cakes, sodas, alcoholic beverages, chips, chewing gum and jellies), cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (capsules, pills and gels). This dye is known to cause allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children, as well as several other side effects such as lethal asthma, DNA damage, attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity [6].