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Symmetrical Monomers Containing Other Multiple Bonds
Published in George B. Butler, Cyclopolymerization and Cyclocopolymerization, 2020
2,2′-Biphenyldicarbaldehyde was copolymerized with styrene by cationic initiation to yield copolymers of molecular weight 6,000-7,000.69 The monomer reactivities were reported. It was concluded, on the basis of pendant aldehyde groups, that the intramolecular cyclization was competitive with addition of comonomer during the propagation step. In a continuing study of bifunctional monomers, polymerization of adipaldehyde was studied in presence of boron trifluoride-etherate as initiator.70 The polymer was partially soluble, but the pendant aldehyde content was rather high (60-70%). It was concluded that this aldehyde cyclopolymerized to a lesser extent than did glutaraldehyde or succinaldehyde. Copolymerization of adipaldehyde with chloral with the same initiator gave a copolymer of 1:1 composition that was almost completely cyclized.
Exposure frequency, intensity, and duration: What we know about work-related asthma risks for healthcare workers from cleaning and disinfection
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Amanda M. Wilson, Olusola O. Ogunseye, Tina Fingesi, D. Jean McClelland, Lynn B. Gerald, Philip Harber, Paloma I. Beamer, Rachael M. Jones
Measurements were found for the following chemicals: 2-propanol (Su et al. 2018); acetic acid (Hawley et al. 2017); acetone (Su et al. 2018); α-Pinene (Su et al. 2018); benzene (LeBouf et al. 2014); chloroform (Su et al. 2018); -Limonene (Su et al. 2018); didecyl-dimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) (Vincent et al. 2007); ethanol (Su et al. 2018); ethylbenzene (LeBouf et al. 2014); formaldehyde (Binding and Witting 1990; Vyas 2000); glutaraldehyde (Jachuck et al. 1989; Binding and Witting 1990; Campbell and Cripps 1991; Leinster et al. 1993; Gannon et al. 1995; Vyas 2000, 2001; Nayebzadeh 2007); hydrogen peroxide (Hawley et al. 2017); -xylene (LeBouf et al. 2014); -xylene (LeBouf et al. 2014); ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) (Fujita et al. 2006; Chen et al. 2015; Mwanga and Jeebhay 2020); peracetic acid (Hawley et al. 2017); succinaldehyde (Vyas 2000); and toluene (LeBouf et al. 2014). Some studies overlapped in measurements and study design (LeBouf et al. 2014; Hawley et al. 2017; Su et al. 2018; Caridi et al. 2019), where different analyses were conducted. In this case, data were checked so that they were only recorded once for data analysis (Figure 3).