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Gas light and electric light
Published in Tatiana Kontou, Victoria Mills, Richard Menke, Victorian Material Culture, 2023
Tatiana Kontou, Victoria Mills, Richard Menke
Naphtha, the most liquid of all the oils, was once distilled from coal and burned in the London street lamps. Alcohol is chiefly used as a source of heat in spirit lamps on account of its sootless flame.
A model of eco-friendly cooking stove and a potential application of soot for remediation of heavy metals in the environment
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
The plastic fuel is burnt in the spirit lamp and its flame is covered with the piece of stainless steel to collect the soot. The soot deposited on the stainless steel piece is scratched out in a petri dish. The similar procedure is repeated several times to collect seven grams of soot as shown in Figure 2a–d. The pH of the soot is measured by following the procedure mentioned in the literature (Denyes et al. 2014). For the functional group analysis of soot sample, the spectrum is recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm−1 on the Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) (Shimadzu, FTIR-8400) (Wang et al. 2011). The structure of the soot sample is determined by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (Model-MAIA3-TESCAN). The SEM micrograph is obtained in the magnification range of 40.0 kx (Qiu et al. 2008).
Experimental studies on coal-water slurry fuel prepared from pretreated low-grade coal
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Vishal Khanpit, Sonali Pravin Tajane, Sachin A. Mandavgane
A drop of CWSF [diameter: approximately 2.5 mm (50% concentration)] was subjected to combustion under controlled condition (room temperature: 30°C) using the flame of a spirit lamp. The drop was held using a borosilicate glass rod (glass having very low thermal conductivity and sustain on high temperature). The distance between the drop and the spirit lamp was 10 mm. This process is recorded using a normal camera with 16-megapixel resolution at a distance of 0.5 m shown in Figure 1d until the complete combustion of CWSF.