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Naturally Occurring Polymers—Plants
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is formed by the reaction of sodium chloroacetate with basic cellulose solutions. The sodium form of carboxymethylcellulose is known as CMC or as a food-grade product as cellulose gum. It is soluble in both hot and cold water. Cellulose−OH,NaOH+Cl−CH2COONa→Cellulose−O−CH2−COONaSodium carboxymethylcellulose
Waste Production and Input Material Consumption
Published in John Andraos, Reaction Green Metrics, 2018
Monochloroacetic acid in water is mixed with cracked ice. Sodium hydroxide is added until the solution is made alkaline. Subsequently, sodium chloroacetate is formed. Sodium cyanide in water is added carefully to form a solution of sodium cyanoacetate. This solution is evaporated under reduced pressure to form a crude sodium cyanoacetate cake. The cake is hydrolyzed and esterified in the presence of methanol and sulfuric acid. Three extractions are performed with toluene. The dried product is distilled, at first under atmospheric pressure, and finally under reduced pressure, to remove any remaining toluene.
Organics, Salts, Metals, and Nutrient Removal
Published in David H.F. Liu, Béla G. Lipták, Wastewater Treatment, 2020
R. David Holbrook, Sun-Nan Hong, Derk T.A. Huibers, Francis X. McGarvey, Chakra J. Santhanam
Manville and Louisiana State University used a fluidized-bed system at Ciba-Geigy’s St. Gabriel plant site to lower the sodium chloroacetate level in a 3–4% saline waste stream from 6000 to 10 ppm (Attaway et al. 1988). They used a 0.25-inch, diatomaceous-earth carrier with a pore structure optimized for microbe immobilization in two bioreactors in series with a volume of 141.3 gal each. At a throughput of 0.25 gpm, they observed biological activity in both reactors. The effluent of the first reactor had a sodium chloroacetate level of 2400 ppm.
Use of modified corn starches as environmental and cost-friendly alternatives of PVA in sizing applications
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Kemal Bolat, Arif Hasanoğlu, Açelya Seçer
Commercial native corn starch with 10.0–13.0% moisture content and 5–7 pH value, which was supplied by Sunar Mısır Co. Ltd (Adana Province, Turkey), was used as the raw materials of the modified starches. SMO C35 coded oxidized modified starch with a 10.0–13.0% moisture content and 5–7 pH value, which was supplied by Sunar Mısır Co. Ltd, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (88% hydrolyzed, Proser Chemicals) were used to prepare sizing solutions. Phosphoryl chloride (POCl3 ≥99.9%, Sigma Aldrich) was used to synthesize crosslinked starch. Cationic reagent C6H15ClNOCl (≥65%, Guofengjunda Chemical Tech. Co. Ltd.) was used to synthesize cationic starch. Sodium chloroacetate (C2H2ClNaO2, ≥%98 Sigma Aldrich) was used in the carboxymethyl starch synthesis.
Novel iminodiacetic acid functionalized basalt fiber for adsorption of Cu (II) ions in batch experiments
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Yue Sun, Pengyu Zhang, Qingyi Zha, Yihan Huang, Weisheng Zheng, Caiqian Yang, Zhiren Wu
BF was provided by Jiangsu BF Engineering Center. Cupric chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O), Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and other inorganic materials were purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co, Ltd. Polyvinylamine (99%), ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (Na2EDTA) and acetone were obtained from Shanghai Hushi Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Sodium chloroacetate and dopamine hydrochloride were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All the chemical reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
Study of an anti-high-temperature and salt-resistance alkyl glycine foaming agent and its foam stabilizing mechanism
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Sodium chloroacetate (AR, 98%) and octylamine (99%) are white powder and light-yellow liquid, respectively. They are both commercial reagents purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydroxide (98%) and sodium chloride (≥99.5%) are white powder products and purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Anhydrous ethanol (≥99.7%) is a colorless liquid purchased from Beijing Yili Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (93%) and cocamidopropyl betaine (97%) are white powder products purchased from Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China).