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Anti-Arthritic Potential of Gold Nanoparticle
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Jayeeta Sengupta, Sourav Ghosh, Antony Gomes
Gold nanoparticles are easy to synthesize in bulk, increase the activity of the drugs, and show potent applications in drug delivery and imaging vehicle in rheumatoid arthritis. They show a strong affinity towards amine and thiol groups, allowing them to attach with anti-arthritic agents having those active groups. Till date, some drugs (such as methotrexate, prednisolone, methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, betamethasone hemisuccinate, diclofenac sodium, ethyl cellulose, and tocilizumab) have been conjugated with the gold nanoparticle to increase the efficacy of the drugs and to decrease their side effects. Lower doses of these drugs showed superior therapeutic index compared to conventional treatments. Some drugs that contain gold (not as the nanoparticle but in cationic form) are in the market (such as sodium aurothiomalate and monomeric neutral auranofin) to treat rheumatoid arthritis, although there are many side effects of using those in long run. Cationic properties of gold in these drugs cause bone marrow damage, dermatitis, nausea, and other side effects, which colloidal gold nanoparticle (with neutral charge) does not cause.
Gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizer for radiotherapy and diagnosis of COVID-19: A review
Published in Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2022
Abdul Khaliq Mokhtar, Norsyahidah Mohd Hidzir, Faizal Mohamed, Irman Abdul Rahman, Syazwani Mohd Fadzil, Afifah Mardhiah Mohamed Radzi, Nur Ain Mohd Radzali
The use of gold in medicine is not a new phenomenon. The earliest application of gold dates to 2500 B.C. China to treat ailments such as skin ulcers, smallpox, and measles [21]. In modern times, sodium aurothiomalate (MyochrysineTM), which is categorized in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, is used for its immunosuppressive antirheumatic effects [22]. Currently, gold nanoparticle (AuNP), has been studied extensively to be used as radiosensitizer in radiotherapy. AuNP is a truly versatile radiosensitizer with the potential to be applied to diagnostics (e.g., biological or chemical sensing) [23], imaging (e.g., X-ray, CT, or photoacoustic imaging), delivery (with or without surface coating) [24], and therapy (e.g., photothermal or radiation therapy) [25, 26]. AuNP is known for its simplistic synthesis [27] in different nanometer sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm and in various shapes, such as spherical [28], nanorod, nanostar [29], nanoshell [30], and nanocage [31]. This simplicity, in turn, enables less complexity for synthesizing desired AuNP shapes for radiosensitizing and sizes for medical use. Various shapes of AuNP have previously been evaluated [32] for cellular internalization efficiency and were observed to increase as follows: nanoparticles > nanospikes > nanorods.