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Pharmaceutical Applications of Carrageenan
Published in Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain, Dilipkumar Pal, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, 2019
A. Papagiannopoulos, S. Pispas
Stomatitis may induce ache in the oral cavity, loss of appetite, and impaired swallowing. It is a side effect of cytotoxic drugs administered for cancer chemotherapy. Mouthwashes that contain povidone-iodine are capable of preventing removal of free radicals and import of antineoplastic agent into the oral cavity. An allopurinol mouthwash based on ι-carrageenan and Alkox® mouthwash were investigated in terms of its potential pharmaceutical use (Hanawa et al., 2004). The authors based on adhesiveness and sensory experiments reported a mouthwash of 0.4% ι-carrageenan and 1.0% Alkox as the optimum combination.
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate: adjuvant properties and effect on cytokine production
Published in Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Sara Alizadehgharib, Anna-Karin Östberg, Ulf Dahlgren
We have previously shown that the methacrylate monomer HEMA has adjuvant properties. Thus, mice immunized with OVA in combination with HEMA had significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgE anti-OVA antibodies in the blood than animals immunized with OVA without HEMA [23]. In the present study, mice were immunized subcutaneously with TEGDMA plus OVA, a common model antigen [25,26]. We found that mice immunized with OVA in combination with TEGDMA had higher levels of IgG and IgE anti-OVA antibodies in the blood than control mice immunized with OVA alone. Therefore, TEGDMA, similar to HEMA, seems to have the capacity to act as an adjuvant in vivo and to enhance the antibody response to an antigen. Consequently, there is a possibility that exposure of the oral mucosa to TEGDMA may contribute to the initiation of allergic reactions or mucosal inflammation. These findings are of interest, since allergic contact stomatitis due to residual monomers has been observed in some dental patients after restorative treatment [27–30]. Contact stomatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa caused by contact with irritants or allergens. It might be possible that due to the adjuvant properties of the residual TEGDMA monomers, a hypersensitivity reaction is induced. However, further studies are required in order to confirm these theories.