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A Synoptic Overview on Ancient Alchemy Sudha Varg (Calcium-Containing Drugs)
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Saurabh Singh, Simranjeet Kaur, Dileep Singh Baghel, Nitika Anand, Sakshi Sabharwal, Vibhu Khanna, Arun Kumar, Iqbaljit Kaur
Thousands of calcium supplements are available in the form of nutraceuticals.They are used to cure calcium malabsorption by enhancing the diffusion constituent of absorption. They are commonly used as food supplement to prevent age-related osteoporosis. [78]Calcium is used for chelating certain anions, mainly phosphate. It is used in chronic renal failure, where there is a reduction in phosphate absorption [79].Symptomatic gastric acidity – calcium carbonate is used as an antacid between meals to neutralize gastric acidity in gastro-oesophageal acid reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease [79].The formulations are mentioned in Table 13.11.
Activities for Supporting Work Ability of Ageing Workers
Published in Joanna Bugajska, Teresa Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Tomasz Kostka, Individual and Occupational Determinants, 2020
There are three factors responsible for malnutrition: insufficient nutrient supply, excessive loss of vital nutrients following digestive disorders or malabsorption, and increased metabolic rate (hypermetabolism). Inadequate protein supply is the major cause of malnutrition, sarcopenia and disability (Cawood et al. 2012). Due to the decrease in muscle mass and slowing down of protein metabolism, the recommended standard consumption in seniors is higher as compared to that recommended for younger individuals. According to WHO, the daily demand for protein in adults is 0.91 ± 0.043 g/kg body mass/day, and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein in the United States equals 0.8 g/kg/day (Campbell et al. 1994). In older adults, the recommended daily protein intake is higher, amounting to 1.25 (1.0–1.5) g/kg/day, while the recommended supply of protein that plays a role in the prevention of sarcopenia is 1.2–1.5 g/kg/day (Deutz et al. 2014).
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
It is important to exclude secondary causes of osteoporosis (such liver disease, malabsorption and endocrinology conditions). It is not appropriate to use FRAX on patients that are already receiving bone protection treatment and patients that are on steroid therapy (Fig. 3.68c).
Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibition: A potential target for treatment of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural and Synthetic compounds
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Shubham Batra, Prabhjeet Kaur Bamrah, Manjusha Choudhary
Phlorizin, an O-glucoside dihydrochalcone molecule, was initially isolated from apple tree bark discovered in 1835 and has been found to improve healthy individuals’ excretion of glucose in urine [9]. Phlorizin was discovered to have the potential to block both SGLT1 and SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporters, however, it has not been developed as an antihyperglycemic medication for usage in humans due to its poor bioavailability and GIT side effects like diarrhea, dehydration, and malabsorption by inhibiting SGLT1(in the small intestine) [10]. Keeping in view the adverse effects, phlorizin was deemed unsuitable for continued research as an antihyperglycemic drug. Phlorizin derivates with more focused SGLT2 inhibition (Table 1), were created to prevent SGLT1-dependent side effects [8]
Impact of polyculture in aquaponics on the hemato-serological and health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Aya H. Khalil, Ahmed E. A. Badrey, Ahmed S. Harabawy, Ahmed Th. A Ibrahim, Werner Kloas, Alaa G. M. Osman
Plasma glucose levels in fish increase during stress, probably due to the action of catecholamine on stored glycogen in the liver and other tissues [35]. It was noted that fish raised in polyculture had blood glucose levels that were noticeably higher (Nile tilapia and common carp) than in the blood of fish reared in monoculture, but, still within the normal range for both, mono and polycultured fish. In the current study, monocultured Nile tilapia, compared to polycultured Nile tilapia, recorded higher cholesterol levels in their blood. While the opposite occurred in common carp. Anorexia, diabetes, liver malfunction, and malabsorption of fat, which are signs of abnormal glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood, were ruled out because glucose and cholesterol levels were within the usual range [35,37]. The triglycerides recorded the same trend as being higher in the blood of monocultured Nile tilapia compared to polycultured Nile tilapia, and vice versa in common carp. Since the muscle is a vital organ closely linked to the turnover of amino acids, the increase in protein levels in fish blood is probably a result of the increase in triglyceride levels [35].
A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates: what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2021
Ryan Takeshita, Steven J. Bursian, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Tracy K. Collier, Kristina Deak, Karen M. Dean, Sylvain De Guise, Lisa M. DiPinto, Cornelis J. Elferink, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Robert J. Griffitt, Martin Grosell, Kendal E. Harr, John P. Incardona, Richard K. Kwok, Joshua Lipton, Carys L. Mitchelmore, Jeffrey M. Morris, Edward S. Peters, Aaron P. Roberts, Teresa K. Rowles, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Lori H. Schwacke, Cynthia R. Smith, Dana L. Wetzel, Michael H. Ziccardi, Ailsa J. Hall
Common loons (Gavia immer; caught in coastal Louisiana from 2011 to 2015) with higher blood PAH concentrations had lower body mass compared to birds with lower circulating PAH concentrations (Paruk et al. 2016). Evidence indicated that this may be attributed to nutrient malabsorption but suggested that more data are needed due to species differences in the tolerance and metabolism of PAH compounds. While not assessed directly, Dean et al. (2017) suggested that oral exposure of cormorants to artificially weathered DWH oil might impact the GIT resulting in malabsorption based upon reduced feed intake and body weights. In addition, Harr et al. (2017b) reported anecdotal evidence of abnormal excreta in the orally- and dermally-dosed cormorants, indicating that oil impacts absorption and integrity of the GIT.