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Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Ryan F. Donnelly, A. David Woolfson
Oral mucosal ulceration is a common condition with up to 50% of healthy adults suffering from recurrent minor mouth ulcers (aphthous stomatitis). Shemer et al. (2008) evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a mucoadhesive patch compared with a pain-relieving oral solution for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Patients with active aphthous stomatitis were randomly treated either once a day with a mucoadhesive patch containing citrus oil and magnesium salts (n = 26) or three times a day with an oral solution containing benzocaine and compound benzoin tincture (n = 22). All patients were instructed to apply the medication until pain had resolved, and completed a questionnaire detailing multiple clinical parameters followed by an evaluation of the treatment. The mucoadhesive patch was found to be more effective than the oral solution in terms of healing time and pain intensity after 12 and 24 h. Local adverse effects 1 h after treatment were significantly less frequent among the mucoadhesive patch patients compared with the oral solution patients.
Removal of Cyanotoxins in Detroit River Water Using Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
S.Y. Jasim, M. Uslu, R. Seth, N. Biswas
Excessive nutrient discharge, together with warmer surface temperatures caused by the climate change, has led to the cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in drinking water sources (Chorus and Bartram 1999). Intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are of concern as they might be harmful to animal and human health through recreational activities and/or drinking water. Hepatotoxins (e.g., microcystins (MCs), CYN) and neurotoxins (e.g., ANA) are main groups of cyanotoxins which negatively affect liver and nervous system (Merel, Clement, and Thomas 2010). Several incidents including fatal ones have been reported in the literature in which exposure to the cyanotoxins resulted in gastrointestinal problems, skin rash, mouth ulcer, respiratory distress, and even deaths (Azevedo et al. 2002; Giannuzi et al. 2011; Jasim and Saththasivam 2017; Pilotto et al. 1997).
Prosopis cineraria leaf extract mediated green biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Ramesh Chand Kasana, Nav Raten Panwar, Uday Burman, Praveen Kumar
Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized by various methods including physical, chemical and biological.[15] Compared to physical and chemical the biosynthesis using biological means is economic, eco-friendly, do not require high temperatures or pressures and avoid the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals.[16] In order to minimize the toxicity, now more focus is on green synthesis of nanoparticles. Plant extract mediated biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles of various sizes using extracts from Aloe vera, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cassia alata, Centella asaitica, Citrus medica, Gloriosa superba, Syzygium aromaticum, Tabernaemontana divaricate, and Vitis vinifera has been reviewed recently.[5]Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce also known as Khejri belonging to family Leguminosae plays an important role in the economy of the Indian desert. It is found in dry and arid regions of Arabia and in regions of India mainly Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat and Western Uttar Pradesh.[17] It is also known as “Golden tree” or “Wonder tree” of the desert. Various parts of Prosopis cineraria are useful in treating the rheumatism, cough, common cold, anthelmintic disorder, dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, piles, tremors of the muscles, pain, high cholesterol level, diabetes, anemia, kidney, and liver disorders. The leaves of the tree have high nutrient content like carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. The leaves of Prosopis also possess antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activity, and are used in treatment of mouth ulcer and eye problems.[18] The phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract of the leaves of the Prosopis has shown the presence of saponins, flavanoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds.[19]