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Anti-Arthritic Potential of Gold Nanoparticle
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Jayeeta Sengupta, Sourav Ghosh, Antony Gomes
Gold nanoparticles are easy to synthesize in bulk, increase the activity of the drugs, and show potent applications in drug delivery and imaging vehicle in rheumatoid arthritis. They show a strong affinity towards amine and thiol groups, allowing them to attach with anti-arthritic agents having those active groups. Till date, some drugs (such as methotrexate, prednisolone, methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, betamethasone hemisuccinate, diclofenac sodium, ethyl cellulose, and tocilizumab) have been conjugated with the gold nanoparticle to increase the efficacy of the drugs and to decrease their side effects. Lower doses of these drugs showed superior therapeutic index compared to conventional treatments. Some drugs that contain gold (not as the nanoparticle but in cationic form) are in the market (such as sodium aurothiomalate and monomeric neutral auranofin) to treat rheumatoid arthritis, although there are many side effects of using those in long run. Cationic properties of gold in these drugs cause bone marrow damage, dermatitis, nausea, and other side effects, which colloidal gold nanoparticle (with neutral charge) does not cause.
Schiff base complexes, cancer cell lines, and anticancer evaluation: a review
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Sheikh Abdul Majid, Jan Mohammad Mir, Gowhar Jan, Aabid Hussain Shalla
One of the earliest known metal-based drugs used as an anticancer agent is cisplatin, but there are severe side effects associated with cisplation e.g. tumor resistance, nephrotoxicity, etc. [54, 70–73]. The discovery of platinum based drugs opened ways to synthesize other metal based anticancer drugs [74,75]. The importance of gold-based drugs has been verified in the field of medicinal chemistry. Auranofin, a well-known gold(I) drug, has been investigated in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [76]. The activity of gold(I) complexes has been investigated for treatment of cancer. The therapeutic effects of gold(I) complexes are due to their lability, but their lability contributes towards cardiotoxicity. These issues are being overcome in various ways and thereby the therapeutic indices of gold(III) complexes are being retained and well documented for treatment of cancer [77,78].
Combination treatment with auranofin and nutlin-3a induces synergistic cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Dong-Jin Ye, Yeo-Jung Kwon, Hyoung-Seok Baek, Eunah Cho, Tae-Uk Kwon, Young-Jin Chun
Nutlin-3a is a small-molecule inhibitor which prevents the interaction between p53 and MDM2 and enhances the transcriptional activity of p53 through protein stabilization (Turner et al. 2013). Previously Kojima et al. (2005) reported that nutlin-3a might be used in combination treatment as well as single-dose regime (Hong et al. 2014) against wild-type p53 expressing tumors. In addition, nutlin-3a is also associated with cancer cell death through activation of p73 (Lau et al. 2008). Thus, various investigators focused on the utilization of nutlin-3a as a treatment strategy against mutant p53 expressing tumors (Maas et al. 2013; Tonsing-Carter et al. 2015; Zheng et al. 2010). Auranofin, a lipophilic gold compound exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity that was developed as a therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis. The possibility of auranofin as an anticancer drug showing remarkable cytotoxicity in cancer cells was noted by Kim et al. (2013).
Combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib induces synergistic apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Min-Kyung Joo, Sangyun Shin, Dong-Jin Ye, Hong-Gyu An, Tae-Uk Kwon, Hyoung-Seok Baek, Yeo-Jung Kwon, Young-Jin Chun
Auranofin is a gold (I)-based compound, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Jeong et al. 2014; Park and Chun 2014). This thioredoxin reductase inhibitor raises intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and was examined investigated in various anticancer therapeutic strategies (Fiskus et al. 2014; Han et al. 2019; Roder and Thomson 2015; Zou et al. 2015). In addition, clinical trials evaluating auranofin for ovarian cancer and leukemia are currently ongoing or have been completed (Roder and Thomson 2015; Zhang et al. 2019). Further, several studies suggested therapeutic strategies that utilize auranofin in combination therapy to maximize the production of ROS (Fan et al. 2014; Rigobello et al. 2009; Ye et al. 2019).