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Flexible Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries
Published in Ye Zhang, Lie Wang, Yang Zhao, Huisheng Peng, Flexible Batteries, 2022
Ye Zhang, Lie Wang, Yang Zhao, Huisheng Peng
Sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries’ working mechanisms and battery components are the same except for their ion carriers. Sodium ions diffuse through the electrolyte in sodium-ion batteries, and electrons move through the external circuit between the cathode and the anode. In particular, the working principle of aqueous sodium-ion batteries is quite similar to that of conventional nonaqueous sodium-ion batteries (Figure 5.1). The radius of sodium ions (0.102 nm) is more significant than that of lithium ions, making the insertion reaction of sodium ions more complicated than the insertion reaction of lithium ions. In addition, the large radius of sodium ions makes the collapse of electrode structures much easier and affects the cycling stability of the aqueous sodium-ion batteries
Electrochemical Applications
Published in Yongqing Cai, Gang Zhang, Yong-Wei Zhang, Phosphorene, 2019
Sodium-ion batteries have attracted a great attention due to its low-coat technology for large-scale applications, compared to that of lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the performance of the recent developed sodium-ion battery is comparable to the counterpart of lithium-ion battery. Since the Na ions have a much larger radius (1.02 A) than that of Li ions (0.76 A) and preferably coordinate in octahedral or prismatic sites, it is hard to find crystalline host materials that perform both high electrochemical capacity and cyclability for Na ion insertion reaction.57 Recent studies show that alloy-type anode materials, such as Si, Sn, Sb, etc., show high specific capacities but exhibit poor reversibility due to the large volume expansion and slow Na Kinetics,58 while anode materials such as Na3V2(PO4)3 reveal prolonged cycle life, however with, limited capacity.59 Therefore, it is highly desirable to find anode materials which co-exhibit high capacity, fast Na diffusion, and good structural stability.
Introduction
Published in Ming-Fa Lin, Wen-Dung Hsu, Jow-Lay Huang, Lithium-Ion Batteries and Solar Cells, 2021
Sanjaya Brahma, Ngoc Thanh Thuy Tran, Wen-Dung Hsu, Chin-Lung Kuo, Shih-Yang Lin, Jow-Lay Huang, Masahiro Yoshimura, Phung My Loan Le, Jeng-Shiung Jan, Chia-Yun Chen, Peter Chen, Ming-Fa Lin
With the large natural abundance and low cost of sodium, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become a promising candidate for large-scale usage related to energy storage belong to renewable energy sources. In addition, Na and Li have similar chemical properties, and thus, comprehensive knowledge about LIBs can be applied, then making SIBs become competitive to LIBs in cell markets [168–170]. However, the performance of SIBs is still a challenge with respect to scientists, and research conducted on Na-based chemistry is remarkably less compared to that on Li-based chemistry. Further study on electrode materials, electrolytes, and electrode–electrolyte interphase as well as in-depth mechanism, especially safety is required to improve the behavior of SIBs [171,172].
Electric Vehicle Advancements, Barriers, and Potential: A Comprehensive Review
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Alperen Mustafa Çolak, Erdal Irmak
Sodium-ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery that has been gaining attention as a potential alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries used in EVs. These batteries use sodium ions as the charge carrier instead of lithium ions, which can help reduce costs and improve sustainability. Sodium-ion batteries are similar in structure to lithium-ion batteries, consisting of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. However, the materials used in each component differ. The cathode in sodium-ion batteries is typically made of a sodium-containing material such as sodium cobalt oxide or sodium nickel manganese oxide [143,144]. The anode is usually made of hard carbon, which has a similar structure to graphite but can hold more sodium ions. The electrolyte is a liquid or solid material that allows the sodium ions to move between the cathode and anode.