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Renewable Energy
Published in Chitrarekha Kabre, Synergistic Design of Sustainable Built Environments, 2020
The cathode is the electrode at which reduction (gaining of electrons) takes place. In a fuel cell, the cathode is electrically positive. The cathode is composed of platinum particles uniformly supported on carbon particles. The platinum acts as a catalyst, increasing the rate of the reduction process. The cathode is porous so that oxygen can pass through it.
Network operation and maintenance
Published in Nemanja Trifunović, Introduction to Urban Water Distribution, 2020
Cathodic protection - Cathodic protection is an electrical method for preventing metallic corrosion. It forces the protected metal to behave as a cathode and therefore unable to release electrons. Basic methods of applying cathodic protection are: Cathodic protectionthe use of inert electrodes (with high level of silicon cast iron or graphite) powered by an external source which forces them to act as anodes,the use of magnesium or zinc as anodes that produces a galvanic reaction with the pipe material. Being more reactive than iron, they corrode, thereby keeping the pipe protected (sacrificial corrosion). Sacrificial corrosion
Ten Years of Cathodic Protection in Concrete in Switzerland
Published in J. Mietz, B. Elsener, R. Polder, Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete — Monitoring, Prevention and Rehabilitation, 2020
Cathodic protection is an active protection procedure in which the electrochemical corrosion cycle is electrically influenced. The method uses the fact that the rate of corrosion is dependent on the electrochemical potential. Through the impact of an adequately high protective current from a d.c. source (usually a rectifier) the potential of the protected part of the structure is shifted in the negative direction thus reducing the rate of, or preventing, the corrosion. Inert-anodes are used to inject the protective current into the structure, the negative pole of the rectifier being connected to the protected metal and the positive pole to the anode. The literature has several detailed descriptions of how CP functions [2] and, in addition, national and international norms and guides have been set [3] or are in preparation [4].
The potential of lithium in Quebec for the electric vehicle market: state of the art, opportunities and challenges
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2022
Sebastián Ibarra-Gutiérrez, Jocelyn Bouchard, Marcel Laflamme, Konstantinos Fytas
Rechargeable battery cells use a negative electrode material (anode) and a positive electrode material (cathode) to convert chemical energy into electrical energy and vice-versa. The lithium-ion cell uses a lithium-based metal oxide as the cathode. Graphite is generally the anode material of choice because of accessibility, price and charge capacity [1]. The most common lithium metal oxides used in cathodes for EV batteries are lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides, LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA),lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides, LiNiCoMnO2 (NMC) andlithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4/C (LFP).
PV-Grid based Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Modified Interleaved Boost Converter
Published in Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2021
Renu Verma, Arshdeep Singh, Anurag Choudhary, Shimi Sudha Letha
In a Li-ion battery, the cathode is a metal – oxide of various metallic elements (Blomgren 2017). For EV application the Li-ion battery cathode predominantly comprises Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO), Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC), Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (NCA) and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). According to the current scenario, NMC batteries are gaining popularity, typically LMO and LCO batteries are used in the EVs (Hannan et al. 2018; Ali et al. 2019). In practical applications, the EV battery consists of several modules made up of hundreds of individual cells in several series-parallel combinations. Nowadays, few manufacturers use LCO battery regardless of their higher cost due to their high specific energy which aids in reducing the vehicle weight. In the proposed PV-grid charger LCO Li-ion battery (6 cells module) is powering a small-scale application (i.e. EV Toy Car). In Table 3, the important parameters of the applied LCO Battery are delineated.
Microbial fuel cells: a sustainable solution for bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Har Mohan Singh, Atin K. Pathak, Kapil Chopra, V.V. Tyagi, Sanjeev Anand, Richa Kothari
Reduction reactions are performed in cathode chamber. Electrons travel from the anode chamber to the aerobic cathode chamber with the help of an external electrical circuit, and electrons and protons are recombined on the surface of the cathode electrode. Microbes and abiotic catalysts assist in the reduction reaction of oxygen, which leads to the formation of water molecules. Simple cathodes are composed of graphite, carbon paper or carbon cloth. Santoro et al. [17] reviewed a variety of cathode catalyst materials and discussed their performance and reaction mechanisms. These carbonaceous materials were based in metals, and included carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon veil and stainless steel, titanium, nickel-chrome mesh as anode materials. Different novel and synthetic materials [such as graphene, platinum, activated carbon or carbon nanotubes(CNT)] can also positively catalyze the power density of the fuel cell. Nanopores are able to increase the porosity of the surface of the electrode, which may be responsible for maximizing the performance the MFC because a large surface area also enhances the oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode chamber. Biocathodes are also formulated by microalgae, as described in Single Chamber MFCs.