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Inorganic Polymers
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
The types and properties of glass can be readily varied by changing the relative amounts and nature of ingredients. Soda-lime glass is the most common of all glasses, accounting for about 90% of the glass made. Window glass, glass for bottles, etc. are all soda-lime glass. Soda-lime glass (75% silica, 15% soda [sodium oxide], 9% lime [calcium oxide], and the remaining 4% minor ingredients) has a relatively low-softening temperature and low-thermal shock resistance, limiting its high temperature applications.
Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technology and Application
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
Roger Messenger, D. Yogi Goswami, Hari M. Upadhyaya, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Aruna Ivaturi, Stephan Buecheler, Ayodhya N. Tiwari
The CdTe solar cells can be grown in both substrate and superstrate configurations. Until today the highest efficiencies have been achieved in superstrate configuration. Figure 20.33a gives the schematics of CdTe solar cell grown on TCO-coated glass substrate in a superstrate configuration. The glass substrate can be a low-cost soda lime glass for processing temperature below 600°C or alkali-free glass (generally borosilicate) for high-temperature processing above 600°C.
Substrate Materials
Published in Andrew Sarangan, Nanofabrication, 2016
Soda lime glass is used in windows and glasswares, and accounts for the majority of the ordinary glass market. It contains silica (75%), sodium oxide (13%) and calcium oxide (10%), and a number of other compounds, which reduce the softening temperature to 575°C. Although it is not widely used in device fabrication, it is the least expensive glass and is used in some photomasks where deep-UV transmission is not required.
Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of soda-lime glass with interfacially connected Au layer fabricated via sputtering and spark plasma sintering
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2022
Soda-lime glass is a typical commercial glass, but its low fracture toughness significantly limits its structural applications. Metal nanoparticles have been incorporated to increase fracture toughness [9,11,12].) Recently, we synthesized metal-nanoparticle-precipitated glasses with interfacial heterogeneity by sintering soda-lime glass particles with Ag particles deposited near the surface. In this glass, Ag nanoparticles are connected in a three-dimensional network like grain boundaries in ceramics, which improves the fracture toughness and thermal conductivity. However, this method is limited to metal particles that can be synthesized via ion exchange and heat treatment reduction. In this paper, we propose a new process using ion sputtering to produce the same morphology with various metal particles. Ion sputtering is a simple method for depositing metals with relatively uniform sizes[15],) and the sputtering process causes limited damage to the specimen. In addition, the thickness of the metal can be controlled by changing the coating time. We produced metal-nanoparticle-coated glass particles by sputtering powders while stirring, and the powders were sintered to produce an interfacial precipitation of metal nanoparticles. The procedure is illustrated in Figure 1.
CFNN-PSO: An Iterative Predictive Model for Generic Parametric Design of Machining Processes
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Tamal Ghosh, Kristian Martinsen
Soda–lime–silica glass is the most prevalent type of glass used for windowpanes, and glass containers for beverages, food, and some commodity items. Glass bake ware is often made of tempered soda lime glass. Soda lime glass accounts for about 90% of manufactured glass. Soda lime glass is relatively inexpensive, chemically stable, reasonably hard, and extremely workable. Since it is capable of being re-softened and re-melted numerous times, it is ideal for glass recycling. Soda–lime glass is prepared by melting the raw material, such as sodium carbonate (soda), lime, dolomite, silicon dioxide (silica), aluminum oxide (alumina) and small quantities of fining agents (e.g., sodium sulfate, sodium chloride) in a glass furnace at temperature locally up to 1650°C.
The radiation shielding offered by the commercial glass installed in Bangladeshi dwellings
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2018
Sabina Yasmin, Z. Siti Rozaila, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Bijoy Sonker Barua, Faruque-Uz-Zaman Chowdhury, Md. Abdur Rashid, David A Bradley
Glass represents a good environmentally friendly material, with residences, offices and industrial buildings all being places where a significant proportion of the outer fabric of the building is constituted of glass. Typically this will be a silica-rich soda–lime glass (also sometimes referred to as soda–lime–silica glass), the glass being manufactured in large panels using the float glass process. The typical performance data for such media are as in Table 1; the mechanical strength of any such opportune barrier is important, together with ease and cost of production and resistance to various forms of damage.