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Thin-Film Materials
Published in Roydn D. Jones, Hybrid Circuit Design and Manufacture, 2020
Dielectric films of silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, and tantalum pentoxide are commonly used as thin-film dielectrics. Silicon monoxide films are usually vacuum evaporated and have a dielectric constant of about 5. Silicon dioxide can be sputtered and makes a fairly good dielectric film with dielectric constant of about 4.
Manufacture of Carbon Articles
Published in R. Robert Paxton, Manufactured Carbon: A Self-Lubricating Material for Mechanical Devices, 1979
Silicon monoxide is generally produced by reduction of silica (Si02). Some workers20-21-22-23 prefer silicon metal as the reducing agent; others24 use carbon, or hydrogen.
Investigation of the high-temperature oxidation behavior of three-dimensional C/C composite and graphite coated by silicon carbide
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2021
Sayed Ali Khalife Soltani, Maziyar Azadbeh
All of these reactions are exothermic and thus locally increasing the temperature of the system. In the following, Al2O3 oxidizes the silicon, and then silicon monoxide gas is produced. Through pores, this gas infiltrates into C/C composite and graphite and forms silicon carbide. At the same time, carbon monoxide gas, which is considered as a by-product, gets out of the substrates. Therefore, when the aluminum oxide is finished, the consequent chemical reaction between silicon and carbon monoxide gas leads to silicon monoxide gas continuous emission until the silicon powder has been consumed [4,33]. The discussed mechanism has been illustrated, consequently in reactions (5), (6), and (7):
Microstructural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Rice Husk–Based Carbon: Effect of Carbonizing Temperature
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2019
Kei Shibata, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Kazuo Hokkirigawa
Figure 7 shows the mechanical properties of the RH carbon samples carbonized at different temperatures. The values for shrinkage rate, density, elastic modulus, and compressive strength were the mean values obtained from five tests and the Vickers hardness values were calculated as the mean value from 20 tests; the error bars indicate the standard deviations of these measurements. The shrinkage rate and bulk density increased as the carbonizing temperature was increased from 600 to 1200 °C, indicating that densification occurred in this temperature range. Volatile silicon monoxide and carbon monoxide are produced in the chemical reaction between the silica and carbon contained in the RH material when it is carbonized at 1400 °C (Unuma, et al. (28)). The presence of these volatile reactants decreased the bulk density of the RH carbon samples. In pyrolysis process of phenol resin, a pyrolysis gas generates massively at within 350–600 °C. The precursor included pure phenol resin even after the press forming. Therefore, the density of the sample recarbonized at 600 °C was lower than that of the precursor. The elastic modulus measurements showed large standard deviations but confirmed that the elastic moduli of the samples carbonized at above 900 °C were greater than those of the precursor. The precursor had a much higher strength than the recarbonized RH carbons, which were brittle. However, the RH carbons were harder than the precursor. This was attributed to the densification in the carbonizing temperature range of 600–1200 °C and the formation of hard crystalline silica at carbonizing temperatures of 1300 and 1400 °C. The surface roughness exhibited almost the same trend except for the sample carbonized at 1400 °C, which had a surface roughness two times greater than that of the other samples. This surface roughness was attributed to the presence of volatile reactants and hard crystalline silica despite polishing.
Radiative heat effects on ethylene glycol and engine oil-based Hall current of Casson nanoliquids
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals, 2023
C. Sulochana, Belagumpi Mahalaxmi
The development of nanostructures with superior thermal physical properties can improve the efficiency of heat transfer of fluids. Choi and Eastman [1] conducted the research on improving the heat transmission capabilities by adding nanoparticles of conventional fluids. As a result, the most contemporary works by Sheikholeslami et al. [2], Ellahi [3], Rashidi et al. [4], Ganji and Malvandi [5], and Vishnu Ganesh et al. [6], contain a couple of speculative and exploratory studies on the subject of nanofluids. Graphite, titanium dioxide, copper, silicon monoxide aluminum oxide, and are the typical components used in nonmaterial production, and these nanoparticles increase heat conductivity relative to base fluids. According to Eastman et al. [7], the dispersing of Cu nanoparticles into ethylene glycol, a common basic fluid, significantly increased the fluid’s thermal conductivity by 40%. Later, it was claimed that the suspension of just 15% of nanoparticles increased the fluid heat conductivity by over 20%. In other words, Buongiorno et al. [8] used experimental data to analyze temperature transmission. Later, the same researcher proposed a different model in [9], it was believed that the thermal conductivity of the flow issues with the stretching sheet might also have an impact on the Brownian and thermodiffusion effects. Additionally, it entails being impacted by boundary layer flows, hot forging, crystal growth, synthetic polymer, spaceship thermodynamics, metal summoning, fiber twirling, etc. Crane [10] began by investigating a problem involving the flow of boundary layers through a stretched plate in an incompressible, viscous, and time-invariant fluid approaching the stretched plate. Axisymmetric flow over boundary layer equations was introduced by Sakiadis [11]; Zaimi et al. [12] investigated the flow of boundary layers across a nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface and heat transmission of nanofluid. Rahman and Eltayeb [13] explained the hydromagnetic nanoparticle convective boundary conditions across a stretchy nonlinear surface. The Lorentz force, which combines magnetized electric forces and non-Newtonian fluid, is produced thermally across a nonlinear stretchy surface. Through the use of a stretching sheet, Hayat et al. [14] explored the impact of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) film flow. This scenario is improved by Abbas et al. [15], taking into account the grade two flows. The technique of HAM was used by Sajid and Hayat [16], to investigate how the slip circumstance affected a third-grade liquid thin film flow. Nadeem and Awais [17] talked about the results of altering thermal capillarity and flow viscosities on the thin film of an unstable shrinking sheet.