China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Polymerization of Natural Oils for a Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Based Gas Sensor Application
Published in Chin Hua Chia, Chin Han Chan, Sabu Thomas, Functional Polymeric Composites, 2017
Rashmi.T.A. Das, Panchan.A.N. Pramanik, Raj.I.B. Bandyopadhyay
Although the biggest usable area of this polymerized oil is in coating industry, in the last few decades, triglyceride oil-based polymers have been used for many different applications. Linseed, sunflower, rapeseed oils, and soybean oil-based resins are commonly used in the printing industry. Polyesters, polyurethanes (urethane oils), polyamides, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, and polyester amides are prepared from triglyceride oils. The cross-linked polymers have high modulus, high fracture strength, and solvent resistance. It is also found that highly cross-linked polymers are used for synthesis of composites, foamed structures, structural adhesives, insulators for electronic packaging, and other applications.23 Without using any activator, soybean oil can be oxidized by permanganate oxidation with sub/supercritical CO2. The oxidized oil is used as semi-drying oil in paint industries.24
Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid feedstock using heterogeneous acid catalyst derived from palm-fruit-bunch
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Himanshu Choksi, Sivakumar Pandian, Sakthi Saravanan Arumugamurthi, Periyasamy Sivanandi, Anirbid Sircar, Vijaya Kumar Booramurthy
The yield of oil from C. inophyllum seeds by means of mechanical expeller was 58 wt%. The FFA content of the oil was 18% which makes it unfit for alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction process. Therefore, acid catalysts were used to facilitate both esterification and transesterification reaction. This oil was categorized under semi-drying oil with an iodine value of 92.01 g I2 100 g-1, the viscosity of 62.18 mm2 s−1 (at 40°C) and saponification value of 189.16 mg KOH per g of oil (Deepalakshmi et al. 2015). Table 1 shows the fatty acid distribution of C. inophyllum oil. It consists of six different fatty acids with 31.55 wt% of saturates and 68.45 wt% of unsaturates. The biodiesel produced from this oil has better cold flow properties and will emit less NOx (Pali and Kumar 2016). The calculated AMW of the oil was 871.87 g mol−1 which indicates the presence of longer fatty acid carbon chains with more unsaturation (Demirbas and Karslioglu 2007). Moreover, the AMW was also used to calculate the methanol to oil molar ratio during optimization of biodiesel.
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber seed) oil: modeling and optimization of extraction process parameters using response surface methodology and artificial neural network techniques
Published in Biofuels, 2019
Samuel Erhigare Onoji, Sunny E. Iyuke, Anselm I. Igbafe, Michael O. Daramola
Recently, researchers classified rubber seed oil (RSO) as a second-generation non-edible vegetable oil. The potentials of the oil as a plausible substitute for edible oils in industrial applications such as production of biodiesel [1,8,11,16,17], semi-drying oil [1,18], paints, coating, printing ink, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products [1,3,18] have been investigated. It could also be used to produce soap and shampoo [18], bio-lubricants [18–20], alkyd resin [20,21], oleo-chemicals and nylon-11 [22], cracked liquid biofuels [23], kaolin intercalates [14], hydraulic oils [18,19] and linseed oil substitute [3,18]. The oil content of rubber seed varies from 30 to 60 wt.% [2,3,7,8,21]. The de-oiled cake from the kernel after preliminary treatment to remove toxic substances is a source of proteins for animal and poultry feeds [3,10,19].