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Development of Industrial Strain, Medium Characteristics and Biochemical Pathways
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Regulatory enzymes: Every metabolic pathway has certain regulatory enzymes that control its function. The regulatory enzymes of glycolysis are: hexokinase (conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate), phosphofructokinase (conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate), pyruvate kinase (conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate).
Ligand Binding to Macromolecules
Published in Jean-Louis Burgot, Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics, 2019
Originally, the term “allosteric” was used for some enzymes, so-called regulatory enzymes, where an effector binds to a site other than the active one and thereby changes the properties of the active site. (Regulatory, see Chapter 30). An (allosteric) effector is generally a small metabolite or cofactor which can modulate the activity of regulatory enzymes.
Improving the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of Stemonae Radix by solid-state fermentation with Mucor circinelloides T2-12
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Jian-Wei Dong, Xue-Jiao Li, Pin-Hua Liu, Ying-Ping Wu, Cui Yang, Yu-Feng Li, Yan-Qing Zhang
Tyrosinase is a key regulatory enzyme of melanogenesis. The inhibition of tyrosinase plays an important role in cosmetological and dermatological sciences efficiently.[35,36] Fermentation is a tool to improve the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase. Previous research reported that A. niger fermented Magnolia officinalis bark (MOB) extract possessed greater tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity than that of the unfermented extracts.[37] In the present study, the anti-tyrosinase activities of the fermented and non-fermented Stemonae Radix were tested and the results are showed in Figure 2. RM showed a weak inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with an inhibitory rate of 7.13 ± 1.41% at the concentration of 2 mg/mL. BFSR and CFSR showed few anti-tyrosinase activities. AFSR, PFSR, and MFSR showed a significantly improved anti-tyrosinase activity, especially, MFSR (24.3 ± 0.94%) possessed three-folds more inhibitory effect than RM at the concentration of 2 mg/mL.
Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise – Critical load and the effects of aging process
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Vivian Maria Arakelian, Cássia da Luz Goulart, Renata Gonçalves Mendes, Nuno Manoel de Sousa, Renata Trimer, Solange Guizilini, Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio, Vilmar Baldissera, Ross Arena, Michel S. Reis, Audrey Borghi-Silva
In the present study, we observed that at CL intensity on Tlim, HR reached more than 90% of HRmax in young and older subjects (from the prediction equation) and VO2 reached 86% of maximum in younger subjects and more than 73% in elderly subjects (compared to maximal aerobic testing). In addition, [La−] reached an average > 7 mmol/l in young and >4.5 mmol/l in older subjects; similar values to those found in the literature for aerobic exercise (Brickley, Doust, & Williams, 2002; Herubert et al., 2005). During the aging process, the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) undergoes a change from muscle isoform (mLDH) to heart isoform (hLDH), which favors an increase in pyruvate concentration, instead of lactate formation. The strong correlation between the mLDH isoform and lactate production may explain the higher [La−] in young individuals (Williams, Dekerle, McGawley, Berthoin, & Carter, 2008). Thus, with increasing age, there may be a decreasing ability to produce energy through the glycolytic pathway, due to decreased activity of the mLDH isoform. Moreover, the reduction of [La−] in the elderly may also be related to decreased activity of the regulatory enzyme fosfofrutoquinase (PFK), which has been previously observed in the elderly (Thorstensson, Sjodin, Tesch, & Karlsson, 1977).
The use of Gammarus pulex as a model organism for ecotoxicological assessment of ibuprofen and propranolol at environmental relevant concentrations
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Nuran Cikcikoglu Yildirim, Osman Serdar, Senay Basaran
AChE, which is often used as a biomarker in biomonitor studies, is the enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine in the synaptic range (Pohanka 2011). They act primarily as a regulatory enzyme of cholinergic neurotransmission by hydrolysing acetylcholine to choline and acetate (Müller et al. 2019). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of some drugs in aquatic environments by using G. pulex as a model organism. For this purpose, changes in some biochemical parameters (SOD, CAT and AChE) in G. pulex were evaluated.