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Microalgae for Pigments and Cosmetics
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Nídia S. Caetano, Priscila S. Corrêa, Wilson G. de Morais Júnior, Gisela M. Oliveira, António A.A. Martins, Teresa M. Mata, Monique Branco-Vieira
Besides the complexity of chlorophyll biosynthesis in microalgae, the production of this pigment is a result of the reduction of protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide that is then converted to Chl a or b. However, the first intermediate of this pathway is the amino acid glutamate that is converted to the precursor of chlorophyll, glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA), and is rapidly converted to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA).
Role of PGPR and silver nanoparticles on the physiology of Momordica charantia L. irrigated with polluted water comprising high Fe and Mn
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Several metal cations, for instance, copper zinc (Zn2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), and manganese (Mn2+) are crucial trace elements for plant physiological and cellular functions, including chloroplast, protein processing, mitochondrial electron transport, and DNA replication (Singh et al.2020). Moreover, these metals also assist as structural cofactors for several transcription factors and enzymes. Their excess accumulation results cellular toxicity and oxidative damage, which reduced water and nutrient uptake and photosynthesis (Tripathi et al. 2017). Some metals including cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+), and mercury (Hg) are nonessentials negatively effecting plant development and their consumption raise health risks for consumers. Heavy metals having high atomic weight and a density of more than 5 g/cm3 (Aulakh et al. 2022). Heavy metals reduce chlorophyll biosynthesis and inhibit its incorporation in photosystems. Metal toxicity reduce photosynthetic pigments contents, including carotenoids and chlorophyll, primarily by disturbing the thylakoids integrity and cell wall and altering DNA and protein as a result of ROS interference (Singh et al.2020). Heavy metals cause impediment of enzymes that synthesize chlorophyll, e.g., protochlorophyllide reductase and chlorophyll synthase (Oubohssaine et al. 2022).
Synergistic ameliorative effect of iron oxide nanoparticles and Bacillus subtilis S4 against arsenic toxicity in Cucurbita moschata: polyamines, antioxidants, and physiochemical studies
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Tarifa Mushtaq, Anis Ali Shah, Waheed Akram, Nasim Ahmad Yasin
Chlorophyll is a crucial photosynthetic pigment required for the formation of organic compounds. Higher concentration of As reduces Chl biosynthesis due to disturbance in e− transport chain (Abbas et al.2018). It is supposed that As toxicity might have lessened the activity of d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzymes and protochlorophyllide reductase, which are linked with biosynthesis of chlorophyll contents in conjuction with vital nutrients in plants (Mahdieh et al.2013). The bacteria involved in the formation of siderophore assist plants in obtaining Fe from rhizosphere (Abbaszadeh-Dahaji et al.2020). Likewise, B. subtilis S4 might have enhanced biosynthesis of photosynthates in As-subjected plants. The enhanced phosphorous (P) and iron (Fe) may have improved the formation of Chl a, Chl b in microbe-treated seedlings (Vejan et al.2016).
2-Hydroxymelatonin induced nutritional orchestration in Cucumis sativus under cadmium toxicity: modulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and gene expression
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Anis Ali Shah, Shakil Ahmed, Nasim Ahmad Yasin
Chlorophyll is a crucial cellular component involved in synthesis photosynthate, thus maintains metabolic homeostasis in plants. Heavy metal toxicity halts the process of photosynthate formation due to interruption in photosynthetic e−1 transport process (Paunov et al. 2018). Heavy metal toxicity enhanced chlorophyllase activity and reduced nutrient uptake in plants (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2003). Cadmium decreases the activity of enzymes involved in synthesis of chlorophyll structure i.e. aminolevulinic dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase and protochlorophyllide reductase (Noriega et al. 2007). Moreover, Cd degrades chlorophyll structure by replacing Mg2+. During the current research, 2OHMT improved chlorophyll content by enhancing the uptake of Mg2+ from rhizosphere.