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Microorganism-Mediated Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Different Applications
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
Maheshkumar Prakash Patil, Gun-Do Kim
However, a lot of work is needed to produce nanoparticles in large scale and to control the shape and size of the nanoparticles synthesized through microbes. The synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly, non-toxic, simple, and cost effective. Thanks to the recent advancements and ongoing efforts in the improvement of controlled synthesis, we hope that the implementation of these biosynthesis approaches on a large scale and their commercial application in biomedical, agricultural, and new drug discoveries will take place in the coming years.
Biosynthesis of Nanonutrients for Agricultural Applications
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Jagadish Tarafdar, Indira Rathore, Ripandeep Kaur, Ashay Jain
An ecofriendly and low-cost protocol for biosynthesis and characterization of nanoparticles for plants has been employed and discussed. The results from application of recommended doses clearly demonstrated their positive effect on plant growth and development, including crop yield, nutrient mobilization, and use efficiency with no adverse effects. Thus, the biosynthesis technique exhibits impressive potential to minimize or omit the use of chemical fertilizers.
Nanobioremediation
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Manoj Kumar Enamala, P. Divya Sruthi, Silpi Sarkar, Murthy Chavali, Induri Vasavi, Chandrashekar Kuppam
Nanotechnology has made our lives simpler, and the various unique characteristics it exhibits have made it a technology of choice by many researchers worldwide. Nanomaterials are being used in various applications like manufacturing building materials, treating various environmental pollutants, and even providing foods for microorganisms to feed on. Biosynthesis of these nanoparticles helps in minimizing the use of harmful chemicals and solvents. This process is simple as well as cost effective. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way we live. The unique characteristics of nanoparticles have made them the particle of choice in many fields, including the remediation of environmental pollutants. Eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles coupled with remediation can go a long way in promoting sustainability. Biosynthesis helps minimize the use of harmful chemicals and solvents and is simple, cost-effective, and time-saving. Nanomaterials exhibit unique physical and chemical properties; hence, they have received much attention from scientists and researchers in different areas of environmental sciences, specifically in bioremediation. Bioremediation provides a good cleanup strategy for some types of waste, but as expected, it will not be useful for all. For example, conventional bioremediation may not provide a feasible strategy at sites with high concentrations of chemicals that are toxic to most microorganisms. These include heavy metals and salt. Further, the advancement in science and technology has increased the standard of living, which directly or indirectly contributes to the increase in waste and toxic material. Therefore, the remediation of contaminants by the use of existing technology is not effective or efficient in cleaning up the environment. Hence, nanomaterials may be applied for bioremediation, which will not only have a less toxic effect on microorganisms but also improve the microbial activity of the specific waste and toxic material, which will reduce the overall time and cost. In this chapter, we have briefly summarized the major types of nanomaterials that have been used so far in the bioremediation of waste and toxic materials.
Green synthesis: Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using metal and metal oxide nanoparticles-latest trends and advancements
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
P. C. Nagajyothi, S. V. Prabhakar Vattikuti, K. C. Devarayapalli, K. Yoo, Jaesool Shim, T. V. M. Sreekanth
In recent years, biosynthesis has developed as an alternative to physical and chemical methods. Recently, exhaustive studies on the biological synthesis of NPs were carried out with a variety of microbes such as bacteria (Lengke & Southam, 2006), fungi (Das, Das, & Guha, 2009; Duran, Priscyla, Alves, De Souza, & Esposito, 2005), algae (Castro, Blázquez, Muñoz, González, & Ballester, 2013), actinomycetes (Ahmad, Senapati, Khan, Kumar, Ramani, et al., 2003; Ahmad, Senapati, Khan, Kumar, & Sastry, 2003), viruses (Lee, Mao, Flynn, & Belcher, 2002), and yeasts (Kowshik et al., 2003). However, the use of microorganisms poses a number of disadvantages including (i) slow synthetic rates, (ii) multistep producers such as culture preparation, culture maintenance, and isolation (iii) time consumption, and (iv) a limited number of available sizes and shapes (Rauwel, Küünal, Ferdov, & Rauwel, 2015). To overcome these limitations, researchers have proposed the cheapest, eco-friendly, single-step green route, namely, the use of plant extracts for NP synthesis. This method comprises three main steps: (i) selection of the solvent medium, (ii) choice of an environmental-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent, and (iii) selection of nontoxic substances for NPs stability (Iravani, Korbekandi, Mirmohammadi, & Zolfaghari, 2014) (Table 1). In the first part of the review, we have discussed the biosynthesis of NPs using microbes (bacteria and fungi), green synthesis methods of metal and metal oxide NPs, green synthesized NPs formation mechanism, characterization, and influencing factors. Further, this review provides the photocatalytic dye degradation activity and photocatalytic mechanism of NPs.
Biosynthesis, characterization, bactericidal and sporicidal activity of silver nanoparticles using the leaves extract of Litchi chinensis
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Nimisha Tehri, Rubaljeet Kaur, Mirnmoyee Maity, Akshita Chauhan, Vikas Hooda, Amit Vashishth, Gaurav Kumar
Till date, various physical, chemical and biological approaches have been described for the synthesis of AgNPs. Commonly used physical and chemical methods offer advantages of technical viability in terms of synthesizing nanoparticles of particular size and shape. However, at the same time, the use of hazardous chemicals and materials, higher cost and energy requirements, time consuming and improvident purifications results in their lesser economic feasibility.[19,20] This highlights the need of biosynthesis route for AgNPs that is seeking an extraordinary consideration over conventional synthesis. Biosynthesis involves eco-friendly, economical and simple processing that is easy to scale up from pilot to bulk production.[21,22] Moreover, synthesis of NPs with improved stability, functional properties and reproducibility are other advantages associated with the use of biological synthesis. Biological synthesis of NPs has been successfully achieved with various substrates such as bacteria,[23] actinomycetes,[24] algae,[25] fungi,[26] biopolymers,[27] starch,[28] and plants,[29] etc. Extracts of various plants have been used to synthesize NPs reported in recent past. Plant extracts are known to produce best capping materials such as phenol, terpenoids, ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes etc. that contribute toward the improved functional properties and stabilization of AgNPs.[30,31]