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Strategies for Achieving Electrically Conducting Textile Fabrics
Published in Robert Mather, John Wilson, Solar Textiles, 2023
Yarns can alternatively be made from polymers that possess electrical conductivity. Examples are polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophene. Nowadays, the conductive polymer of choice is very often PEDOT:PSS, which is a salt made up of positively charged poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), whose structure is shown in Figure 4.3. However, the conductivities of these polymers are 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those of many metals, they lack the mechanical strength of conventional yarns and their flexibility is quite limited. Some yarns consisting of blends of conducting polymers with conventional polymers have been quite successful in cases where the conducting polymer has been able to withstand the processing conditions for producing yarn and subsequently for fabric construction (Akbarov et al., 2005).
Rising advancements in the application of PEDOT:PSS as a prosperous transparent and flexible electrode material for solution-processed organic electronics
Published in Journal of Information Display, 2020
Gunel Huseynova, Yong Hyun Kim, Jae-Hyun Lee, Jonghee Lee
Among the conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) stands out as the most successful and widely studied, which has also been practically and commercially realized [11–13]. This prosperous conductive polymer is a mixture of two polymer ionomers, positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged sulfonated polystyrene (PSS), where PSS acts as a template polymer and surfactant [13]. PSS was chosen based on its water solubility, to enable the solution processability of PEDOT in polar solvents, including water, as well as to highly increase and stabilize the conductivity of PEDOT via charge balancing [13–16]. PEDOT:PSS has been widely applied to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs) including organic solar cells (OSCs) [13], perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [17], cutting-edge technologies like touchscreens, electronic papers, and next-generation energy storage and conversion devices functioning as capacitors, batteries, thermoelectric devices, etc. [12,13,18], due to its easy synthesis, low cost, and other unique features, such as its low-temperature processing compatible with organic devices [19], easily tunable viscosity [20], high ductility, high transparency in the visible-light range, and high electrical conductivity [12,13,16]. PEDOT:PSS empowers the fabrication of highly transparent, flexible, ultra-thin, and even biodegradable functional films [12,21]. In addition to its chemical and physical durability, the sufficiently stretchable [16,21] conductive polymer is also stable against environmental factors [13]. The feasible control over the material properties to adjust the electrical conductivity and transmittance through a simple PEDOT:PSS ratio adjustment, along with its solution processability and good-film-forming ability [13] and its work function (Wf) and film morphology tenability, makes it a ubiquitous substance that can be employed both as an active layer and as an electrode material for reproducible and practical device applications [22–25].