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Nanoparticle Application by Layer-by-Layer Deposition Technique to Produce on Fabrics
Published in Prashansa Sharma, Devsuni Singh, Vivek Dave, Fundamentals of Nano–Textile Science, 2023
Nowadays polyelectrolytes are used in various industries, such as paper manufacturing, oil processing, treatment of water, and so on. Polyelec-trolytes are responsible for the formation of a thin polymeric film on the surface of textile materials and offer new innovations in unconventional textiles.
Water Quality Improvement: Use of Indigenous Plant Materials
Published in Vinod Kumar Tripathi, Megh R. Goyal, Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 2021
S. Sivaranjani, Amitava Rakshit
The residues present post-treatment process lead to many health problems. For example, aluminum is characterized as a poisoning factor for encephalopathy, and many research reports show the impact of aluminum on human health. It has been clearly documented that aluminum-based coagulants are linked to the development of neuro-degenerative illnesses, such as sessile dementia [17] and Alzheimer’s diseases [23]. Synthetic polyelectrolytes have been questioned due to high level of toxicity [7].
Layer-by-Layer (Lbl) Coated Multilayer Membranes in Dye House Effluent Treatment
Published in Sundergopal Sridhar, Membrane Technology, 2018
Usha K. Aravind, Subha Sasi, Mary Lidiya Mathew, Charuvila T. Aravindakumar
Several recent studies suggest that polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films prepared by the alternate deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes on suitable substrates are promising candidates for “skin” layers in composite membranes for NF and RO processes (Stanton et al., 2003; Miller & Bruening 2004). NF is used for applications such as water softening, brackish water reclamation, and dye-salt separations. LbL deposition of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes readily converts polymeric ultrafiltration membranes into materials capable of nanofiltration (Malaisamy & Bruening, 2005). Depending on the polyelectrolytes employed, PEM membranes can remove salt from sugar solutions, separate proteins, or allow size-selective passage of specific sugars. A polyelectrolyte is a macromolecular species which dissociates into a highly charged polymeric molecule in water or other ionizing solvents. These macromolecules carry covalently bound charged groups (cationic or anionic), and low molecular counter ions (Decher, 1997). However, every neutral polymer can be transformed into a polyelectrolyte by covalently attaching an appropriate number of ionic groups.
Static structure of sodium polystyrene sulfonate solutions obtained through a coarse-grained model
Published in Molecular Physics, 2018
Damián Jacinto-Méndez, Mario Villada-Balbuena, Sara G. Cruz y Cruz, Mauricio D. Carbajal-Tinoco
Polyelectrolytes are charged polymers that can be found in numerous industrial and biophysical processes, and they are still the subject of basic research. Some biological examples include DNA, RNA and certain kinds of proteins. All of them are essential molecules for life. From the industrial point of view, polyelectrolytes can be used to purify water, to recover oil or to serve as conducting membranes in fuel cells [1]. In a basic scheme, each one of these polymers contains a given number of ionisable groups that are dissolved when they enter in contact with a polar solvent such as water. As a result, the main chain becomes charged, which confers a certain degree of solubility to the molecule. Nonetheless, the whole solution remains electrically neutral. In the presence of molecular assemblies, polyelectrolytes have an important role in determining the interactions and thus the structure and stability of such systems [2,3].
Effectiveness of carboxymethyl cellulose solutions for dust suppression in the mining industry
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Gabriel Borowski, Yuri Smirnov, Andrey Ivanov, Aleksandr Danilov
Water-soluble polymers are one of the most promising high-molecular compounds and are being used increasingly often. In terms of their structure, water-soluble polymers contain the units capable of dissolving in water (nonionic water-soluble polymers) or dissociation (polyelectrolytes). Depending on the polyion charge, polyelectrolytes are divided into cations, anions, and ampholytes. The advantages of using such polymers are largely related to the solution of environmental problems. Indeed, the production and use of water-soluble polymers does not require the use of organic solvents. As a result, the fire and explosion hazard of production operations is eliminated, whereas the pollution of industrial wastewater and gas emissions is minimized.