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Glass
Published in Ash Ahmed, John Sturges, Materials Science in Construction: An Introduction, 2014
Plate glass used to be made by softening and rolling the glass to a rough cast ribbon. The ribbon was then annealed to remove all residual strains and then the two surfaces were simultaneously ground and polished using sand and emery suspensions of progressively finer grain sizes. The twin grinders obviously had to extend over the full width of the ribbon, and this process was expensive.
Applications
Published in W. P. Jones, Air Conditioning Applications and Design, 2012
Laminated safety glass consists of two layers of float or plate glass, held firmly together by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral with a melting point of about 90°C. The adhesive property of the interlayer retains the integrity of the glass after fracture, when the temperature difference from the centre of the glass to the frame reaches 40 K. After this its behaviour is similar to that of ordinary clear glass. Other proprietary forms of laminated glass are available, with claims of up to 90 minutes of fire insulation.
Investigation and analysis of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary school classrooms in the composite climate of India
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2019
Out of the three JNV schools, two schools located at Ambala and Panchkula (Figure 1a &1b) have been designed and executed by Central Public Works Department (CPWD) India. The school at Chandigarh (Figure 1c) was designed by the Central Building Research Institute (CBRI). A brief description of all three schools is given in Table 3. JNV Ambala and JNV Panchkula are located in the suburbs surrounded by agricultural fields. The free movement of air around the campuses of both schools affects the microclimate of the indoors. There are ventilators (Figure 1d) on the walls opposite the windows (Figure 1e) in all the classrooms of all three JNV schools to facilitate cross ventilation during the summer season. The single loaded corridors keep the classrooms and other spaces well ventilated, especially during warm-humid months of the summer season. Additionally, 450–600 mm wide sunshades over the windows keep the direct sunrays from penetrating inside the classrooms during the summers (when the sun is at a high altitude) and allow the same to penetrate inside the classrooms during the winters (when the sun is at a low altitude). Windows/ventilator frames and shutters (Figure 1f) are made of mild steel (z section) with 4 mm thick plate glass. The classrooms located on the topmost floors become slightly warmer than those on the lower floors in the post-noon hours due to direct solar heat gain through the exposed roof. The U values of building components are given in Table 4.
Thermal Stability Testing of LANA.75
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2021
Steven P. Reynolds, Gregory C. Staack, Benjamin J. Morgan
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a scattering of X-rays by the atoms of a crystal that produces an interference effect. The resulting diffraction pattern provides information on the structure of the crystal or the identity of the crystalline substance. For this analysis, the LANA.75 material was ground in ethanol using an agate mortar and pestle into a fine powder until the particle size was somewhere between 10 to 50 μm. The ground powder was attached to a plate glass slide using a collodion/amyl acetate solution. The XRD data were collected on a Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer by step scanning over the 2Θ range of 5 to 70 deg with a step size of 0.02 deg and a dwell time of 1 s.
Light source position calibration method for photometric stereo in capsule endoscopy
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Yang Hao, Marco Visentini-Scarzanella, Jing Li, Peisen Zhang, Gastone Ciuti, Paolo Dario, Qiang Huang
In Equation (9), is the distance between point P and point Q, which is given by where h is the thickness of the plate glass in the planar mirror.