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Application of Nanobioformulations for Controlled Release and Targeted Biodistribution of Drugs
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanobiomaterials, 2018
Josef Jampílek, Katarina Král’ová
ALG hydrogels coated with CS were found to have intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics and thus, they can be applied for wound dressing (Straccia et al., 2015). A new drug delivery biocomposite system based on polyanionic matrix (Na+-ALG), polycationic matrix (CS), and silica was shown to maintain or improve the efficacy of antibacterial chemotherapeutics as follows: piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin, ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and cefazolin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against E. coli ATCC 25922 (Balaure et al., 2013). Benzoyl peroxide, a commonly used antiacne drug, encapsulated in the ALG/CS NPs demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes compared with the drug alone but less toxicity to eukaryotic cells, suggesting that in the treatment of dermatologic conditions with infectious and inflammatory components, topical delivery of ALG/CS NP-encapsulated drug therapy can be used (Friedman, et al., 2013).
Osteoimmunomodulation with Biomaterials
Published in Nihal Engin Vrana, Biomaterials and Immune Response, 2018
Bengü Aktaş, Bora Garipcan, Zehra Betül Ahi, Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu, Emre Ergene, Pınar Yılgör Huri
One of the main problems affecting the life-span of implants and hampering the wound healing process is bacterial infection, which is originated from the homeostatic imbalance at the tissue site or contamination from other sources. It is worth noting that bacterial infection should be stopped with antibiotics before it prevents the wound healing process. This is because specific bacteria types may form a biofilm layer on the implant surface and these biofilms are highly resistant to immune reaction, making them difficult to destroy. To overcome this, antibiotics can be introduced to the implantation site as quickly as possible. Ciproflozacin, gentamicin and vancomycin exemplify antibiotics that can be introduced with scaffolds. Chang et al. (2013) have searched after an optimal antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) for infection prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) [118]. In that study, they investigated the antibacterial effects of PMMA bone cements loaded with ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin, teicoplanin, tobramycin and vancomycin against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Their conclusion was that ALBC with gentamicin showed longer duration of antibiotic release than other samples and had a broad antibacterial spectrum against all organisms that were used in the experiment. In addition to this, imipenem-loaded cement had a negative effect on the compressive strength of scaffold, but all antiobiotics maintained their properties after being mixed with PMMA.
Occurrence of antibiotic resistance among Enterobacterales isolated from raw and ready-to-eat food – phenotypic and genotypic characteristics
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Urszula Zarzecka, Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, Anna Zadernowska
Resistance to at least one antibiotic was observed in 48 isolates (52.2%). Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate was observed the most frequently (28.3%); 19.5% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Percentage of isolates resistant to other antibiotics was as follows: ceftazidime – 13%, cefotaxime – 13%, tetracycline – 8.7%, tobramycin – 6.5%, gentamicin – 4.3%, and piperacillin – 2.2%. There was no isolate resistant to imipenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate was the most frequent in Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter braakii isolates, to cefotaxime and ceftazidime – in Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli isolates and to ampicillin – in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates. The incidence of resistance to other antibiotics was similar for each species. Some of the isolates were also intermediate resistant to ampicillin (15.2%), amoxicillin-clavulanate, tobramycin and imipenem (6.5%), cefotaxime and gentamicin (4.3%) as well as ceftazidime (2.2%) (Table 4). The analyzed isolates exhibited resistance to various numbers of antibiotics; 26.1% of the isolates were resistant to 1 antibiotic, whereas none of them was resistant to more than 5 antibiotics. Four isolates, identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli (n = 2) were multidrug resistant, they were isolated from raw meat samples. These isolates exhibited resistance to five antibiotics of three different classes.
Involvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the occurrence of community and hospital acquired diarrhea, and its virulence diversity among the stool and the environmental samples
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Parisa Fakhkhari, Elahe Tajeddin, Masoumeh Azimirad, Siavosh Salmanzadeh-Ahrabi, Ahya Abdi-Ali, Bahram Nikmanesh, Babak Eshrati, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Parviz Owlia, Mohammad Reza Zali, Masoud Alebouyeh
Although low rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (1/51, 2%), aztreonam (1/51, 2%), and gentamicin (5/51, 9.8%) were observed in the human isolates, resistance to cefotaxime (88.2%, 45/51), ceftriaxone (62.7%, 32/51), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (35.2%, 15/51), tetracycline (37.2%, 19/51), and colistin (27.4%, 14/51) was more common among them. The vegetable isolates showed highest resistance rate to cefotaxime (84%, 42/50), ceftriaxone (52%, 26/50), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20%, 10/50), while lower rates of resistance to colistin and tetracycline (8%, 4/50, each one), and no resistance to ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, and gentamicin were detected. None of the strains, either the clinical or environmental, showed resistance property to meropenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, and piperacillin-tazobactam. MDR phenotype was detected in 25.5% (13/51) and 4% (2/50) of the stool and environmental isolates, respectively (3DR, 4/51 and 1/50; 4DR, 7/51 and 1/50; and 5DR, 2/51 and 0, respectively).
Detection of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates and distribution of denitrifying functional genes
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Nur Önal, Cumhur Avşar, E. Sümer Aras
Castanheira et al. (2009) investigated the antibiotic susceptibility of the 438 Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical samples. The researchers reported that the isolates showed resistance against ceftriaxone, aztreonam and ceftazidime at 36.3%, 30.4% and 13.2%, respectively. In their study, aztreonam and ceftazidime resistance are in parallel with our study. Kittinger et al. (2016) reported that 37% of the 520 Pseudomonas species showed resistance to at least one out of 10 tested antibiotics. The most common resistance was against meropenem (30.4%/158 isolates) piperacillin/tazobactam (10.6%/55 isolates) and ceftazidime (4.2%/22 isolates) and also 16 isolates (3.1%/16 isolates) were multi-resistant. While resistance to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime were consistent with our findings, multiple isolates were found to be higher in our study (Table 5). From a total of 59 Pseudomonas spp. tested, 14 (23.7%) were found as MDR. MDR P. aeruginosa rates are reported in the range of 0.6-32% according to the geographic location and surveillance study types (Obritsch et al. 2005). Based on this data, the values of MDR Pseudomonas spp. in our study seem close to the highest value. In our study, the MARI values of the 25 isolates (42.3%) were found to be higher than the 0.2 threshold value.