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Phosphorus-Quenching in Soils under Tropical Climates
Published in Mark Anglin Harris, Confronting Global Climate Change, 2019
Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea), a multipurpose species, is extensively used as a food grain and a green manure crop for soil fertility amelioration in several cropping systems. Pigeon pea can be grown in a wide range of soil textures, from sandy soils to heavy clays. It grows best at a soil pH of 5.0–7.0 but also tolerates a wider range (4.5–8.4). It does well in low fertility soils, making it a favorite among subsistence farmers. As with most legumes, it prefers well-drained conditions and does not tolerate flooded conditions for long periods (Valenzuela and Smith 2002). It is very heat tolerant, thriving in the range of 64–85°F (18–30°C), but under moist soil conditions it can withstand temperatures of 95°F (35°C) or more, and it can tolerate annual rainfall of 24–40 inches (600–1000 mm) (Valenzuela and Smith 2002). Once established, it is one of the most drought tolerant of the legumes, and it can be grown in rain-fed conditions or with minimal irrigation (Valenzuela and Smith 2002). According to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) the crop grows year round at elevations ranging from sea level to 3,000 ft (in the tropics), often not requiring additions of fertilizer. Finally, the rooting system of the pigeon pea extends laterally rather than vertically (Figure 23.1), thereby releasing dissolving phosphorus in the root zone of adjacent crop plants.
Development of a Locally Produced, Balanced Protein–Energy Food-Based Supplement and its Acceptance by Undernourished Pregnant Women in Northern Bangladesh
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2018
Briony Stevens, Kerrianne Watt, Julie Brimblecombe, Alan Clough, Jenni Judd
The final version of the balanced protein–energy food-based supplement (version 2.0) included roasted pigeon pea, ripe uncooked banana (fresh), white sugar, peanuts, whole milk powder, sesame seeds, and iodized salt. All ingredients were available from the local market year-round and widely consumed by the target population. The day-15 questionnaire and focus group identified that the use of lentils in the initial version of the supplement (version 1.0) was not appropriate given the strong aversion by pregnant women toward the smell. During the focus group, women suggested the use of pigeon pea, sugar, and ripe banana. Starting on day 16, an uncooked ripe banana (fresh) was added and mashed with the other ingredients at the time of consumption. The addition of the fresh banana improved the consistency of the mash.