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Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Organic Catalysis
Published in Varun Rawat, Anirban Das, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations, 2022
Laxmi Devi, Komal, Sunita Kanwar, Kamal Nayan Sharma, Anirban Das, Jyotirmoy Maity
Au NP (2–5 nm-sized) on ceria were used to oxidize alcohols like 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 2-phenoxyethanol, vanillin alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol and 3,4-dimethyoxybenzyl alcohol (Figure 3.5) using molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure without the use of a base or solvent [21–23]. Au–Pd NP dispersed on TiO2/graphene oxide composites were used for oxidation of benzyl alcohol and 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (Figures 3.6 and 3.7). Au NP on different metal oxides (TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, MgO2 and Al2O3,) was used to obtain benzaldehyde (from benzyl alcohol) and acetophenone (from methylbenzyl alcohol) using tert-butylhydroperoxide as an oxidant under microwave irradiation for 1 h, with no by-products [24]. During the oxidation of benzyl alcohol, some by-products like benzoic acid and benzyl benzoate were also formed. Benzoic acid was formed due to the over oxidation of benzaldehyde and benzyl benzoate was formed because of additional esterification in the presence of benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol [14, 25].
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies by Cutaneous Administration
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Rochelle W. Tyl, Raymond G. York, James L. Schardein
An antibacterial agent and solvent, 2-phenoxyethanol, applied topically at a dose of 600 mg/kg and higher on gestational days 6 to 18 was maternally toxic in rabbits. No developmental toxicity was observed at doses up to 1000 mg/kg.64
Cleaning workers’ exposure to volatile organic compounds and particulate matter during floor polish removal and reapplication
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Joonas Ruokolainen, Marko Hyttinen
The removal and reapplication of floor polish (also called wax) on the floor surfaces represent one of the important periodic maintenance tasks in the public buildings with hard or smooth floor surfaces. One of the main compound groups included in the polishes and polish removers are glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol ethyl ether (EGEE), 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol butyl ether, EGBE), 2-phenoxyethanol (ethylene glycol phenyl ether, EGPE), diethylene glycol ethyl ether (DEGEE), diethylene glycol butyl ether (DEGBE), and dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPGME).[4,5] Another significant group of compounds included in the polish removers and polishes is ethanolamines that are known irritants and are suspected to play a role in the development of occupational asthma.[5–9]