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Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
The glycol ethers are widely used solvents because of their solubility or miscibility in water and most organic liquids. They are used as diluents in paints, lacquers, enamels, inks, and dyes; as cleaning agents in liquid soaps, dry-cleaning fluids, and glass cleaners; as surfactants, fixatives, desiccants, antifreeze agents, and deicers; and in extraction and chemical synthesis. Since the first two members of this family, methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve, were found to be potent reproductive toxins in laboratory animals, there has been a shift in use to butyl cellosolve and to diethylene and propylene glycol ethers.
Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
The glycol ethers are widely used solvents because of their solubility or miscibility in water and most organic liquids. They are used as diluents in paints, lacquers, enamels, inks, and dyes; as cleaning agents in liquid soaps, dry-cleaning fluids, and glass cleaners; as surfactants, fixatives, desiccants, antifreeze agents, and deicers; and in extraction and chemical synthesis. Since the first two members of this family, methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve, were found to be potent reproductive toxins in laboratory animals, there has been a shift in use to butyl cellosolve and to diethylene and propylene glycol ethers.
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS
Published in Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Industrial Solvents Handbook, Revised And Expanded, 2003
paints, and varnishes; fingernail polishes and removers; dyes; writing inks; cleaners; and degreasers. Three important glycol ethers are ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (CAS #110-80-5), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (CAS #111-76- 2), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (CAS #107-98-2).
Proposal for a neurotoxic classification for chemicals at work
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Shiraz Dib, Thi-Hai-Yen Nguyen, Julie Bodin, Mélanie Bertin, Alexis Descatha, Yves Roquelaure, Nathalie Bonvallot
Glycol ethers are a family of more than 80 chemicals consisting of oxygenated solvents largely used in industrial processes and consumer products (paints, varnishes, detergents, etc.). The most highly used glycol ethers in Europe are ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) and propylene glycol methyl ether (2PG1ME), with production volumes from 1,00,000 to 10,00,000 tons/year. Glycol ethers are mentioned in three distinct categories in the questionnaires used in the French occupational programs: Ethylene glycol derivatives that are non-classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction) according to the CLP regulation: EGnPE, EGiPE, EGBE, EGBEA, EGHE, EGPhE, DEGEE, DEGEEA, DEGBE, DEGBEA, DEGHE, TEGME, TEGEE, TEGBEPropylene glycol derivatives that are non-classified as CMR: 2PG1ME, 2PG1MEA, 2PG1EE, 2PG1EEA, 2PG1BE, DPGME, DPGBE, 2PG1PhE, 1PG3ME, PGDEE, PGtBE, PGDME, DPGDME, DPGEE, DPGMEACMR glycol ethers: EGME, EGMEA, EGEE, EGEEA, EGDME, EGDEE, DEGME, DEGDME, TEGDME, 1PG2ME, 1PG2MEA.
Cleaning workers’ exposure to volatile organic compounds and particulate matter during floor polish removal and reapplication
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Joonas Ruokolainen, Marko Hyttinen
Glycol ethers are widely used in different chemicals, for example, in paints, lacquers, cleaning solutions (especially floor polishes and polish removers), degreasers, varnish removers, and hydraulic fluids.[4,10–13] Due to the vast use of glycol ethers there are multiple occupations where exposure to glycol ethers occurs, for example, painters, printers (silk-screen, offset, and stamping printers), cleaning workers, graffiti removers, textile and dying industry, workers handling fuel.[4,13,14] Repeated exposure to glycol ethers can lead to contact dermatitis.[13] Previously used glycol ethers (2-alkoxyethanols, mainly 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol) were found to cause multiple adverse health effects, including hematological effects, oligospermia and azoospermia, reproductive problems, and immunotoxic effects, therefore they have been substituted with less hazardous solvents with redesigned chemical structures.[10] The exposure to gaseous EGBE can cause irritation of eyes, nose, and throat.[12] Also, EGBE has hematological effects, for example, it has been linked to reticulocytosis in screen-printing workers.[12,15] A study by Rella et al.[16] indicated that cleaning related EGBE caused complaints of poor indoor air quality. EGPE has been reported causing contact urticarial.[17,18]