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Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Nimish Shah, Ankur H. Dwivedi, Shibu G. Pillai
The petrochemical industry is faced with several challenges due to the highly volatile and fluctuating gas prices, the constant burden to improve and expand its base capacity, and the need to improve its environmental footprint. From offshore facilities to the refinery, a constant and crucial component in the production process is water. Advanced oil recovery techniques have led to more use of water in this industry. Hence the management of wastewater is a key component for successful operations. The most common method of disposing of wastewater is underground injection, where water can no longer be retrieved or used.
Some Aspects of Modeling in Petroleum Processing
Published in E. Robert Becker, Carmo J. Pereira, Computer-Aided Design of Catalysts, 2020
Ajit V. Sapre, James R. Katzer
Cracking large hydrocarbon molecules to smaller hydrocarbons to produce fuels and petrochemicals is one of the most significant developments of this century. Both thermal and catalytic processes evolved to produce small olefins such as ethylene and propylene, which are major building blocks of the petrochemical industry and midrange hydrocarbons for gasoline manufacture.
The Petrochemical Industry
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Petrochemicals are generally considered chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or indirect manufacture as byproducts from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, lubricating oil, wax, asphalt, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbon derivatives.
Association between residential exposure to petrochemical industrial complexes and pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Hathaichon Boonhat, Ro-Ting Lin, Jaw-Town Lin
The increasing demand and expansion of the petrochemical industry may be the reason for pancreatic cancer, to some extent, which vary by specific occupational and environmental settings (Norell et al. 1986; Nadon et al. 1995; Ojajärvi et al. 2000; Tsai and Wendt 2001; Andreotti and Silverman 2012; Schnatter et al. 2019). The petrochemical industry develops products that are used in daily life, including clothing, plastics, fertilizers, detergents, and digital devices (International Energy Agency 2018). In the last decade, the demand for petrochemical products has increased – 14% increase in global oil and gas consumption, from 86 to 98 million barrels per day from 2009 to 2019 (United States Energy Information Administration 2020). Petrochemical processes involve crude oil refinery, storage, and transportation (Chaudhuri 2011). During these processing activities, hazardous chemicals, such as benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Ramírez et al. 2011; Rosenfeld and Feng 2011; Kampeerawipakorn et al. 2017; Sharma et al. 2017), may be released into the surrounding environment, which raises concerns about the risk of cancer among residents living near petrochemical industrial complexes. The impact of residential exposure to petrochemical industrial complexes on cancer development has been reported in our previous meta-analyses with pooled estimates of 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.32) and 1.03 (95% CI = 0.98–1.09) for lung cancer incidence and related deaths, respectively (Lin et al. 2017, 2018). However, there is no pooled evidence for the development of pancreatic cancer and related deaths among residents.