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In Vivo Study of Anti-Influenza Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in a Mouse Model
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Ludmila Puchkova, Mohammad Al Farroukh, Ekaterina Ilyechova, Irina Kiseleva
All licensed anti-influenza compounds, such as rimantadine, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir, belong to the group of DAAs (Toots and Plemper 2020). However, acquired resistance of viruses to DAA drugs is a substantial challenge in fields such as clinical practice and virology. From this perspective, screening of IAAs that are independent of the genetic variability of the target virus is of importance. The inhibitory effects of AgNP on the IAV in vitro and in vivo experiments (Mehrbod et al. 2008; Xiang et al. 2011; Xiang et al. 2013; Kiseleva et al. 2020a) allows concluding that AgNP as an IAA can be a viable and perspective tool for the development of a formulation that efficiently combats any influenza infection.
2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and ADMET prediction studies of some novel 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenyl-acetamide derivatives as anti-influenza A virus
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Mustapha Abdullahi, Adamu Uzairu, Gideon Adamu Shallangwa, Paul Andrew Mamza, Muhammad Tukur Ibrahim
Influenza (A) virus (IAV) infection remains one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity due to respiratory diseases in recent times even with the devastating Covid-19 pandemic [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported about 2–5 million cases of severe illness caused by the ravaging seasonal influenza virus epidemic which resulted in over 500,000 deaths globally [2]. These flu epidemics cause severe respiratory infections in children, adults, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions [3] [4]. Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the obliteration of terminal sialic acid residues (sialidase) which aids in liberating new virions formed from the infected cells and circulating to infect the neighboring cells [5]. As such, the NA inhibition can defend the host from being infected and prevent its proliferation [1]. Due to the highly preserved active site structure of neuraminidase [6], it has become an attractive molecular target for the exploration and development of novel anti-influenza inhibitors. Presently, Zanamivir (Relenza™), oseltamivir (Tamiflu™), laninamivir octanoate (Inavir™), and peramivir (Rapivab™) are the four (4) approved neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza treatment [7]. The IAV disease is usually linked to severe symptoms because of the intense genetic diversity characterized by chromosomal mutation between avian and human viruses. Presently, the only two major classes of antiviral medicines against the influenza A virus are inhibitors of M2-ion channel (rimantadine and amantadine) and neuraminidase (zanamivir and oseltamivir) targets that fight against its spreading around the globe. However, most influenza A virus strains have become resistant to these drugs in recent times. There is a lot of concern for the advent of drug resistance effects resulting from the high variability of the influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [5]. This is because a patient infected with either virus can manifest similar symptoms at an early stage. The discovery of some novel compounds of 2-((1 H-indol-3-yl)thio) acetamide as dual inhibitors against IAV and RSV is a huge milestone for the rapid therapy of these respiratory co-infections. Moreover, the trial and error approach applied in the development of new drugs has been seen to be very tedious, costly, and time-consuming [8].