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Codelivery in Nanoparticle-based siRNA for Cancer Therapy
Published in Loutfy H. Madkour, Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment, 2022
PLGA is a copolymer of glycolic acid and lactic acid and a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved biodegradable polymer [83]. PLGA has been used as a nanocarrier for plasmid DNA and siRNA delivery in recent years. The advantages of PLGA-based siRNA delivery include high stability, facile cellular uptake by endocytosis, ability to target specific tissues or organs by adsorption or ligand binding, biodegradability, low toxicity, and sustained release characteristics [15]. However, PLGA could not be applied efficiently in siRNA delivery due to the lower electrostatic interaction between PLGA and siRNA and less efficient endosomal escape and release of siRNA [15,72]. To overcome these problems, the surface of PLGA can be decorated with various cationic nanoparticles such as 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), PEI, or polyamine [66].
Natural Biopolymeric Nanoformulations for Brain Drug Delivery
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting, 2019
Josef Jampílek, Katarina Král’ová
Biocompatible poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs showing reduced toxicity are frequently studied as vehicles suitable to deliver drugs to the site of action because of their increased drug loading capacity and versatile structure allowing surface functionalization (Jain et al., 2011a; Kapoor et al., 2015). As a component of various drug delivery systems for controlled and sustained-release properties, it has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency (Danhier et al., 2012; Makadia and Siegel, 2011). The linear copolymer PLGA consists of different ratios of lactic and glycolic acids. Physicochemical properties, as well as crystallinity, can be changed depending on the ratio of lactic and glycolic acids. PLGA degrades by hydrolysis of its ester bonds in aqueous environments (Danhier et al., 2012; Engineer et al., 2011). PLGA NPs cannot distinguish between different cell types, however their surface functionalization and development of new nanosized dosage forms (e.g., core-shell-type lipid-PLGA hybrids, cell-PLGA hybrids, receptor-specific ligand-PLGA conjugates and theranostics) could contribute to overcoming these delivery challenges, improve the in vivo performance and achieve the desired therapeutic effects, whereby functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems are suitable for effective delivery of chemotherapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agents (Sah et al., 2013).
Synthetic/PLGA Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration: Update 2015
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Gilson Khang, Eun Young Kim, Jeong Eun Song, Sachin Tendulkar, Chan Hum Park, Dong Sam Seo, Jian-Qing Gao
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a member of a group of poly(α-hydroxy acid)s that is among the few synthetic polymers approved for human clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Consequently, it has been extensively used and tested for scaffold materials as a bioerodible material due to good biocompatibility, relatively good mechanical property, lower toxicity, and controllable biodegradability. It has been clinically utilized for three decades as sutures, bone plates, screws, and drug delivery vehicles, and its safety has been proved in many medical applications.12 PLGA degrades by nonspecific hydrolytic scission of its ester bonds into their original monomers, lactic acid and glycolic acid. During these processes, there is minimal systemic toxicity; however, in some cases, the acidic degradation products can decrease the pH in the surrounding tissue, which results in a local inflammatory reaction and potentially poor tissue development, as shown in Fig. 41.1.6 Also, its poor mechanical strength, small pore size, and hydrophobic surface properties for cell seeding have limited its usage.
Recent advances in microbeads-based drug delivery system for achieving controlled drug release
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Zafar Khan, Mohammed A.S. Abourehab, Neha Parveen, Kanchan Kohli, Prashant Kesharwani
One of the most popular drug delivery systems is PLGA, a synthetic polymer that may carry anticancer agents, viral or bacterial DNA, and proteins. Glycolic acid and lactic acid, which have strong biodegradability and biocompatibility, are randomly polymerized to create PLGA. In living organisms, PLGA is metabolized into glycolic and lactic acids, subsequently metabolized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle into carbon dioxide and water, and eventually expelled in the lung. Due to their improved structural stability, PLGA polymers with a high MW degrade at a faster rate. Additionally, increasing the PLGA concentration will result in larger microsphere particles. The rate of degradation and hydrophilicity of PLGA will differ depending on the functional groups used to terminate it. In general, free -COOH groups in polymers make them highly hydrophilic. Ester-terminated PLGA also has superior hydrolysis stability than acid-terminated PLGA, and the degradation cycle lengthens. Drug delivery for treating cancer is the most popular use of PLGA-based biodegradable microspheres. The complexity of the cancer pathophysiology makes standard chemotherapy therapies ineffective and hazardous to healthy organs and tissues. The use of PLGA microspheres for drug administration enables the design of appropriate drug-carrying systems in accordance with the traits of various malignancies, improving the therapeutic and targeting action of agents, as well as lengthening the duration of drug action [60].
Ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin on Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse mastitis by oxidative stress suppression
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Subramaniyam Suresh, Palanisamy Sankar, Ramya Kalaivanan, Avinash Gopal Telang
To overcome these problems of curcumin, studies on its different formulations prepared using liposomes, solid dispersion technique, complexation with phospholipids or cyclodextrins were undertaken to improve bioavailability and efficiency.[11–13] However, these formulations did not produce any satisfactory therapeutic effectiveness.[13] Currently, nanoencapsulation of curcumin could be an interesting strategy to increase its bioavailability and reduce the dose required for a desired effect in therapeutic use against metal toxicity. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used in drug delivery formulations. PLGA is a novel mode of drug delivery system and considered to be biodegradable, nonimmunogenic and toxicologically safe degradation products with a sustained drug-releasing ability in biological systems. The biodegradation of PLGA occurs spontaneously by hydrolysis of the ester bonds in the polymer backbone.[14] PLGA has been approved by the FDA for human use in nanomedicine formulations. Many experimental studies reported that the encapsulation of curcuminin PLGA nanoparticles increases oral bioavailability of curcumin.[15,16]
A review on DBU-mediated organic transformations
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2022
Shashi Kanth Boddu, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, Anjoy Majhi, Satya Kumar Avula, Ahmed Al-Harrasi
The cyclic organic amidine catalyst, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), is gaining popularity for its use in the synthesis of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). PLGA is one of the most successful polymeric drug delivery materials in the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, commercial PLGA materials are produced via ring-opening copolymerization of lactide and glycolide under the influence of metal catalysts such as tin octoate, and this chemistry has been extensively studied and has been reported by Samruddhi et al. However, not much is known yet about the details of the newer, DBU-catalyzed PLGA polymerization reactions. For this investigation, a full-scale kinetic population balance model was developed that takes into account all possible reactions of the copolymerization, including initiation via activated alcohol and nucleophilic attack pathways, self- and cross-propagation, combination via inter- and intrachain acylation, and DBU deactivation (Scheme 140) (160).