China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Covalent Organic Frameworks, 2023
Marcos Martínez-Fernández, Emiliano Martínez-Periñán, Encarnación Lorenzo, José L. Segura
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential process in different areas such as biological respiration, energy conversion, and hydrogen peroxide generation. The electrocatalysts employed are often classified by attending to the pathway catalyzed in the reaction, which in aqueous media are mainly two:The direct reduction of O2 into H2O , through a four-electron pathway.The reduction of O2 into H2O2 through a two-electron pathway.
Composition, valence and oxygen reduction reaction activity of Mn-based layered double hydroxides
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2019
Yu Iwai, Akira Miura, Nataly Carolina Rosero-Navarro, Mikio Higuchi, Kiyoharu Tadanaga
Alkaline fuel cells [1,2] and metal air batteries [3,4] have attracted significant attention as next-generation power sources. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important electrochemical reaction occurring in the air electrodes of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Pt and Pt-based nanoparticles can act as catalysts for ORRs, but these nanoparticles is very expensive. Development of a catalyst using 3D transition metals with small overpotential is consequentially essential. Manganese compounds such as α-MnO2 [5], LaMnO3 [6], and Mn (O, N) [7] have been reported as Pt-free ORR catalysts in alkaline solutions. The correlation between electronic structures and ORR activity has been studied extensively, and a single electron in the antibonding state achieved by trivalent manganese in octahedral coordination, was determined to be favorable for high ORR activity [6,7].