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Nanotechnology in Preventive and Emergency Healthcare
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Manash Pratim Pathak, Kumud Joshi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Nahrendorf et al. (2008) developed a PET detectable imaging agent which was a Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA)-modified, dextranated magnetofluorescent nanoparticle of 20 nm diameter. The nanoparticles in this PET detection system were labeled with the PET tracer 64Cu (1 millicurie per 0.1 mg of nanoparticles). The peak PET activity displayed the uptake of this agent into the arethomata mice deficient in apolipoprotein E after 24 hours of intravenous injection. The arethomata of these mice were found to be proficient with macrophage accumulation, which were detected by Oil Red O staining followed by fluorescence and flow cytometry of the cells. This study also established the aptitude of a nano-agent to correlate PET signals to identify macrophages in atherosclerosis using a conventional biomarker like CD68.
Spectral Molecular CT with Photon-Counting Detectors
Published in Salah Awadalla, Krzysztof Iniewski, Solid-State Radiation Detectors, 2017
As part of a study on atherosclerosis, excised plaques removed from patients were imaged in a MARS-v4 scanner [70]. The samples were cut into 3 mm segments and imaged at 10, 16, 22, and 28 keV. To confirm the spectral analysis of the images, a histological comparison was done with staining materials. The plaques were then stained with Von Kossa (for calcium detection), Perl’s Prussian blue (for iron detection), and Oil-Red O (for lipid detection). Material decomposition was performed on the spectral data using a linear matrix equation [3], although the iron component could not be separated from the calcium. Figure 9.6 shows both the histological samples of one of the atherosclerotic plaques, and the decomposed images of waterlike, lipid-like, and calcium-like materials.
Multimodality probes for cardiovascular imaging
Published in Yi-Hwa Liu, Albert J. Sinusas, Hybrid Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2017
James T. Thackeray, Frank M. Bengel
In an alternative approach, crosslinked short-chain dextrans (13 nm in diameter) were conjugated with desferoxamine for labeling by zirconium-89 (89Zr) for PET imaging and a fluorophore for near-infrared imaging at an average ratio of 8:1. In vivo testing in healthy mice demonstrated a blood half-life of 3.7 h, with the highest accumulation at 48 h in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and lower accumulation in the heart, aorta, and kidney. In ApoE−/− mice, significantly higher activity was found within the aortic root and arch compared to healthy mice by in vivo PET/MR imaging and ex vivo by autoradiography/oil red-O staining, suggesting dextran uptake within atherosclerotic plaques (Majmudar et al. 2013). Autofluorescence of dextran nanoparticles was concentrated in cells that stained positive for CD11b, a marker of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, which was confirmed by flow cytometry. siRNA silencing of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) reduced circulating levels and homing of inflammatory cells, and lowered 89Zr-dextran nanoparticles accumulation at the aortic arch and root compared to untreated ApoE−/− mice (Majmudar et al. 2013).
VEGF loaded porcine decellularized adipose tissue derived hydrogel could enhance angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Kaituo Liu, Ming Zhao, Yan Li, Liang Luo, Dahai Hu
By weighing DAT, we could calculate that the yield of lyophilized DAT fabricated by our method is about 0.02% of native porcine adipose tissue, obviously lower than any other tissue’s productivity for the reason that lipid accounts for large weight in cells [37,38]. And weight of lyophilized DAT was about 3.1 ± 0.4% that of hydrated DAT. Water absorption assay showed that 200 mg could absorb at most 840 mg of water meaning that capacity of water absorption of DAT was about 420%. HE staining showed that none obvious structure or components of cells were left, only collagen bundles with irregular arrangement were kept. Masson trichrome staining showed the same results (Figure 1(b,c)). Further analysis was carried out by Oil red O staining to confirm the successfully removal of lipid from adipose tissue. Residual dsDNA in DAT was detected by DAPI staining, results showed that almost no obviously fluorescence could be visualized. SEM assay showed that micro-structure of DAT was irregular and collagens twisted together forming bundles, otherwise, hep-DAT hydrogels displayed loose, net-like micro-structure (Figure 2(a)).
Comparison of adipose stem cells sources from various locations of rat body for their application for seeding on polymer scaffolds
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Agata Kurzyk, Tomasz Dębski, Wojciech Święszkowski, Zygmunt Pojda
Microscopic observations indicated that these cells can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts. Control cultures were maintained in basic culture medium, wherein no cellular differentiation was observed. Adipogenesis of ASCs was detected by the formation of lipid droplets stained with Oil Red O staining, 21 days after induction. Moreover, the osteogenic potential of the cells increased in subsequent passages. Osteogenic differentiation was characterized by extracellular calcium precipitates, which were identified via Alizarin red staining. Chondrogenic differentiation was assessed via Masson’s trichrome staining. Representative images of adipo-, osteo- and chondrogenesis is presented in Supplementary Materials (Figures 1–3).
Effects of zinc on expression of apoptosis-related genes in freezing thawing damage of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Fatemeh Nesari, Mohammadreza Gholami, Jafar Rezaian, Afshin Pirnia, Khatereh Anbari, Masoud Beigi Boroujeni, Mandana Beigi Boroujeni
We studied the differentiation of AT-MSCs toward bone and adipose tissues. At first, the cells were cultured in DMEM plus 15% FBS. When we reached the expected density, cell environment was changed to environments of bone and adipose tissue differentiation, separately. Bone differentiation environment was containing of DMEM with FBS 10%, 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid 3 phosphate, 10 nM dexamethasone and 10 mM beta glycerol phosphate. Adipose differentiation environment was containing DMEM with FBS 10%, 100 nM dexamethasone and 50 µg/ml indomethacin. Both environments of differentiation were refreshed every 3 days. After day 21, staining was performed to study differentiation. Alizarin red S was used for staining bone tissue and oil red O was used for staining adipose tissue. For Alizarin red S staining, differentiation medium was removed firstly and the cells were washed in PBS. Thereafter, the cells were fixed in formalin 10% v/v for 15 min. The cells were washed with distilled water 2 times. Staining was conducted by 40 mM staining solution of Alizarin red (PH = 4.1) for 20 min. The cells were washed for another time and studied under light microscope. The calcified (mineralized) regions were stained.[23] For oil red O staining, the cells were washed 3 times firstly with cold PBS and fixed in formalin 10% for 1 h at room temperature. The cells were washed with distilled water. Then oil red O staining solution 0.6% w/v (60% isopropyl alcohol and 40% water) was added for 20 min at room temperature. Finally, the staining solution was removed and the cells were washed with distilled water for 3 times. Light microscope was used to study the cells. The fat drops were stained reddish orange (Figure 2).[24,25]