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Toxic Responses of the Nervous System
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Broadly defined, a neurotoxic substance is any substance capable of producing an adverse effect on the structural or functional components of the nervous system. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to toxic insult since nervous tissue has a limited or negligible capacity for regeneration. The effects of neurotoxins may be immediate or delayed in onset and the ensuing alteration may be permanent or reversible. For many neurotoxins, adverse symptoms may be evident after only a single exposure. For still other neurotoxins, effects may manifest only after repeated exposure for weeks or years. Like other toxins, exposure to neurotoxic agents may occur by various routes (e.g., absorption through the skin, ingestion, or inhalation).
Health Hazard Characterization
Published in George G. Lowry, Robert C. Lowry, Handbook of Hazard Communication and OSHA Requirements, 2017
George G. Lowry, Robert C. Lowry
A neurotoxin is a chemical that causes primary toxic effects on the central nervous system, such as narcosis, behavioral changes or decrease in motor functions. Common examples are mercury, carbon disulfide, ethyl alcohol, acetylene, manganese, thallium, and tetraethyl lead.
Categorization of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Neurotoxic chemicals: Neurotoxic chemicals can induce an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system, which can be permanent or reversible. In some cases, the detection of neurotoxic effects may require specialized laboratory techniques, but often they can be inferred from behavior such as slurred speech and staggered gait. Many neurotoxins are chronically toxic substances whose adverse effects are not immediately apparent. Currently, because of the limited data available in this area, significant uncertainties attend the assessment of risks associated with work with neuro-toxic substances.
Application of molecular imaging technology in neurotoxicology research
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2018
Xuan Zhang, Qi Yin, Marc Berridge, Che Wang
Neurotoxicity can be defined as adverse functional or structural changes in the central or peripheral nervous system. Neurotoxic effects that are caused by exposure to neurotoxins can be permanent or reversible. Neurotoxic substances, including biological, chemical, or physical agents, may disturb protein synthesis in neurons, alter the production of specific neurotransmitters, and cause cell death. Symptoms may appear immediately after exposure or be delayed. They may include sensory or motor malfunction, learning and memory process disruption, and detrimental behavioral effects.[1,2] Neurotoxin-induced biochemical and molecular events in the nervous system of animals may provide clues for exploring underlying mechanisms and serve as markers for early neurotoxicity detection.[2,3] Approaches that have been developed for neurotoxicology are designed to identify toxicants, investigate toxic effects, clarify the mechanism involved in toxicity, and provide protective strategy against neurotoxicity.