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Fundamentals of classic fluid mechanics
Published in Zhigang Li, Nanofluidics, 2018
Nanofluidics is concerned with fluid flows in nanoscale confinements. It can be quite different from the classic fluid transport in macro-systems. The difference is mainly caused by molecular interactions, which cause changes in fluid properties and lead to new transport phenomena. Although molecular interactions play important roles at the nanoscale, many ideas at the macroscale are valid. Therefore, before a new journey to the nanoscale, it is necessary to review the classic fluid mechanics. Readers who are familiar with the classic fluid mechanics and electrokinetics can skip this chapter and move to Chapter 2 directly. Further detailed information about the classic theories can be found in standard textbooks on fluid mechanics and electrokinetics.
Beyond Phenomena: Functionalization of Nanofluidics Based on Nano-in-Nano Integration Technology
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, 21st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Nanofluidics is the science and technology which deal with the behaviors and applications of fluids confined in and/or around geometries with nanoscale characteristic dimensions. Some issues associated with nanoscale fluidics have been occasionally dealt with by researchers in membrane science, colloid science, and chemical engineering for many decades. Nonetheless, nanofluidics has never attracted as much attention as it does now, owing to advances in nanofabrication, which give a boost to the recent growth of nanofluidics (Xu 2018; Haywood et al. 2015; Mawatari et al. 2014; Sparreboom et al. 2009). The increased availability of nanofabrication methods over the past two decades has allowed the lithographic fabrication of well-defined nanofluidic geometries such as nanochannels (or nanofluidic channels) to form novel nanofluidic devices (Figure 13.1) (Chen & Zhang 2018; Duan et al. 2013; Mijatovic et al. 2005). Such devices, usually solid-state, planar, and transparent, are compatible with some available tools used in chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. Such devices therefore provide accessible experimental platforms allowing the study of nanofluidics by researchers with different backgrounds, and in turn new tools and methodologies are increasingly being developed. As a result, exploration and application of nanoscale fluid behaviors and related phenomena in a controllable, reproducible, and predictable way gradually become possible (Napoli et al. 2010; Xu, Jang et al. 2012; Prakash & Conlisk 2016; Lin et al. 2018; Harms et al. 2015a). In this chapter, the topics are mainly discussed in the context of nanofluidics confined in such lithographically nanofabricated devices with well-defined nanofluidic environments (herein referred to as “nanofluidic devices”).
Nanofluidics
Published in Yubing Xie, The Nanobiotechnology Handbook, 2012
Nanofluidics, as implied by its name, is the study of fluids at the nanoscale. Fluids can be Newtonian fluids such as liquid water or non-Newtonian (complex) fluids such as dilute or concentrated polymer solutions. Current research in nanofluidics mainly investigates effects of nanoconfinement on fluid flow and the dynamics of ions, nanoparticles, and molecules (Eijkel and van den Berg 2005; Schoch et al. 2008; Bocquet and Charlaix 2010).
Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and bubble behavior inside a two-phase closed thermosyphon under various temperature difference
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Yunfeng Zai, Yiwei Qiao, Chao Song, Hanzhong Tao, Yannan Li
In addition to the traditional phase transition working medium, many scholars also use nanofluids as the working medium of TPCT. Sardarabadi et al. [15] investigated the thermal performance of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/water nanofluids with higher stability as well as higher thermal conductivity in a novel type of thermosyphon by their experiment. The results showed that it brought a better performance on thermal efficiency (higher) and thermal resistance (lower) by using nanofluid with a sodium functional group. Noie et al. [16] also used nanofluids with different concentrations as the working medium in the TPCT to test its thermal performance through experiments. The test results showed that Al2O3/water nanofluids could bring 14.7% more thermal efficiency than water as the working medium, and this could also be verified through the temperature distribution. In general, nanofluidic bodies have better thermal properties than traditional working media and have wider application prospects.
Study on radiation characteristics of Au-CuS nanofluids
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Qian Du, Junjie Xu, Shun Chen, Jianmin Gao
In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of researches on nanofluid technology, mainly focusing on the following aspects: preparation and stability of nanofluids, selection of nanofluidic systems, research on the mechanism of nanofluid enhanced heat transfer, influencing factors and model research of nanofluid, thermal conductivity, nanofluid viscosity measurement and influencing factors (Huang et al. 2017).