China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hydraulics
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Frank-Olaf Mähling, Thomas Schimmel, Douglas C. Placek
When attempting to change over from a mineral oil to a phosphate ester or POE hydraulic fluid, care must be taken to flush out all mineral oil. Mineral oil contamination above 3% could make the fluid flammable.
Pharmaceuticals
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher molecular weight alkane derivatives from a mineral source, particularly as a distillate from petroleum. The name mineral oil by itself is imprecise, having been used for many specific types of oils over the past several centuries. Other names, similarly imprecise, include white oil, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin (a highly refined medical grade), paraffinum liquidum (Latin), and liquid petroleum. The product popularly called baby oil is a mineral oil to which scented ingredients (perfumes) have been added.
Synthetic Base Oils: API Groups IV and V
Published in R. David Whitby, Lubricant Blending and Quality Assurance, 2018
For the purposes of this book, a mineral oil is a hydrocarbon lubricant derived primarily from the conventional refining (typically vacuum distillation, solvent extraction and solvent dewaxing) of crude oil, as outlined in Chapter 2. A synthetic oil is one that has been manufactured by chemical synthesis, which is a process in which bigger molecules are made from smaller starting units. Although some of the starting units may be derived from components of crude oil, it is important to remember that it is the use of process chemistry to “synthesise” bigger molecules by joining the starting molecules together.
Optimization of Bio-based Liquid Transformer Insulator using MOORA Method
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2020
Hemanth Gurumurthy, Suresha Bheemappa, Rudramuni Chidanandappa, Pradhyumna Bhat
Numerous engineering applications [1–6] use synthetic and mineral oils for their proper functioning. Some of them are Engine oil, gearbox oil, differential assembly oil, transformer oils, capacitors hydraulic equipment, etc. Many scholars [7–9] have discussed the losses of the oils used in the applications mentioned above. In [8], Erhan et al. have discussed half of the synthetic oils in use reach back to earth by spillage, leakage, and evaporation. In [10], Madanhire and Mbohwa investigated the ill effects related to the employment of mineral oils. Mineral oils contribute to soil and water pollution. Toxic gases are produced on their vaporization. The use of mineral oils is also detrimental to human health [11], causing eye irritation, respiratory uneasiness, and dermal toxicity. The depletion of crude oil resources and non-biodegradability of the synthetic oil paves an avenue for pollution and creates a scenario for an alternative. According to [12], the biodegradability of mineral oils is around 35-65%. According to [13, 14], depletion of mineral oil resources, environmental pollution, and biodegradability of the mineral oils established a potential need for novel research toward bioresources.
Numerical investigation of solar flat plate collector using different working fluids
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Pragya Narayana Prasad, Sarita Kalla
Wind speeds have not been considered, and it is essential to note that high-speed winds would reduce the collector efficiency. The size and spacing between the tubes can differentiate the results obtained, which is beyond the scope of this paper. The maximum temperature achieved by SFPC with mineral oil as the fluid at the mass flow rate of 5 × 10−5 kg/s was 448.305°C. Mineral oil is presented as fluid good enough to achieve the high temperatures required on an industrial scale.
Friction and wear characteristics of vegetable oils using nanoparticles for sustainable lubrication
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2018
Wani Khalid Shafi, Ankush Raina, Mir Irfan Ul Haq
Synthetic oils have been converted from vegetable oils [35]. In case of synthetic oil, the starting material is chemically different from the end product and the starting material need not necessarily be a mineral oil but can also be a vegetable oil. Vegetable and synthetic-based esters are finding various applications because of their biodegradability and eco friendliness. Research is going on to develop such a base stock that will completely replace mineral oils [36].