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The Utilization of Essential Oils to Treat Biofilm-Associated Vaginal Infections
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Lúcia G. V. Sousa, Joana Castro, Nuno Cerca
In cases of VVC, several antifungals are nowadays available for treatment in a variety of formulations. Over-the-counter regimens include clotrimazole, miconazole, and tioconazole all available in intravaginal formulations. Regimens with prescription consist of butoconazole 2% vaginal cream 5 g in a single application, vaginal terconazole (0.4% cream 5 g daily for 7 days or 0.8% cream 5 g daily for 3 days and 80 mg vaginal suppository daily for 3 days) and oral fluconazole 150 mg orally in a single dose (CDC 2015). The choice of therapy will depend on the VVC status, meaning that complicated VVC will be addressed differently than uncomplicated VVC. Short-term local therapy or single-dose oral treatment with azoles is effective for treating 90% of uncomplicated VVC cases (Dovnik et al. 2015). Apparently, there is no difference in the efficacy of treatment between oral and intravaginal antifungal drugs (Watson et al. 2002). Topical azoles are remarkably safe and well-tolerated in 80%–90% of the cases (Dovnik et al. 2015). Women with complicated VVC can require more aggressive and prolonged therapy (Nyirjesy 2008). Despite that recurrent VVC responds well to short duration oral or topical therapy, it is necessary to maintain a mycological control, thus a longer duration of the initial therapy (7–14 days) is recommended before maintaining the antifungal regimen by oral fluconazole weekly for 6 months. If this therapy is not efficient, the use of topical treatments intermittently can be considered (CDC 2015).
Liposome-Based Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Eneida de Paula, Juliana Damasceno Oliveira, Fernando Freitas de Lima, Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
Imidazole antifungal agents, such as miconazole and ketoconazole, have been used for treatment of various cutaneous and systemic mycoses. Liposomal formulations (MLV and SUV composed of soy and egg PC) for ketoconazole or miconazole have been reported151; in vitro such liposomes prolonged the antifungal action against C. albicans. Also for the topical treatment of candidiasis, elastic liposomes (160–180 nm) containing miconazole nitrate were described by Pandit et al.152To produce the ultraflexible liposomes, surfactants (sodium deoxycholate, Span 80, Span 60, and Tween 80) were added to PC, improving the specificity of the antifungal liposomal formulation to the skin.
Design and optimization of liquisolid compact based vaginal sustained release tablet of antifungal agent for vaginal candidiasis
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Pranita S. Kanojiya, Pradip N. Ghodake, Rita N. Wadetwar
Currently, there is striking increase in the cases of Vaginal Candidiasis (VC) in the female population. The infection is characterized by the anomalous growth of the fungi Candida albicans that attach and reside on the female reproductive tract mucosal tissue.[1] The signs and symptoms of the infection include the itching, burning, redness, pain in vulva as well as in vagina, edema and erythema.[2] Nearly 75% of the female all round the globe are likely to experience the episode of VC nearly once in their lifetime and almost half of them are likely to suffer from the recurrent VC.[1] The presently available treatment options for the vaginal candidiasis include the first line antifungal drugs like Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole nitrate. Eventually, the concurrent use of these drugs has resulted in the occurrence of the microbial resistance.[3]
Microencapsulation of propolis by spray drying: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Kashif Maroof, Ronald F. S. Lee, Lee Fong Siow, Siew Hua Gan
Another study aiming to produce a vaginal dosage form for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) using similar operational conditions and gelatin as a wall material, with the addition of mannitol was conducted by Dota et al.[33] on Brazilian propolis. The patient’s vaginal exudates were used for detection of 89 yeast strains. Most strains (n = 58) were candida albicans while the remaining (n = 31) were non-candida albicans (17 candida glabrata, one candida tropicalis, eight candida guilliermondii while five were Candida parapsilosis). Comparisons with the antifungal drugs used in the treatment of VVC i.e., fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole (ITRA), ketoconazole (KETO), miconazole (MICO), and amphotericin B (AMB) were performed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)s were determined based on a standard broth microdilution method. The encapsulation efficiency in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) was high (78.51%).
A review on the efficacy and medicinal applications of metal-based triazole derivatives
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Sajjad Hussain Sumrra, Umme Habiba, Wardha Zafar, Muhammad Imran, Zahid Hussain Chohan
Vanadium is an important metallo-element and extensively studied for its antifungal properties. To further highlight the antifungal properties of vanadyl(IV) complexes, Chohan and Sumrra worked on the synthesis of chloro, methyl and nitro-substituted triazole ligands (L1–L5) and their vanadium complexes (Figure 21). Metal complexes (15a–15e) of the composition [M(L2)]SO4 were subjected to in vitro antifungal activities for selected fungal strains (C. albicans, A. flavus, F. solani, M. canis, C. glabrata and T. longifucus) by disc diffusion method using amphotericin B and miconazole as reference drugs. The results revealed complexes to be more potent fungicidal agents than ligands against tested fungal strains [69]. The same research group studied the in vitro antifungal activities of a series of triazole Schiff base ligands (L1–L5) and their oxovanadium complexes (16a–16e) against some common fungal organisms (C. albicans, T. longifucus, M. canis, A. flavus, C. glabrata, and F. solani) by agar well diffusion (Figure 22). Compound 16e showed highest antifungal activity (70%) against T. longifucus. Highest activity of 16e was attributed to the presence of nitro (electron withdrawing) substituent on the ligand [70].