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Selenate and thiosulfate reduction using methanol as electron donor
Published in Tejaswini Eregowda, Anaerobic treatment and resource recovery from methanol rich waste gases and wastewaters, 2019
Methylotrophic microorganisms utilize methanol as the substrate for methane and VFA production. They play a key role in the anaerobic treatment of effluents rich in alcohols and sugars (Large, 1983). The effect of several inhibitory factors on the anaerobic digestion of methanol, including high concentrations of ammonia, sulfide and heavy metals have been reported in the literature (Chen et al., 2008). However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of oxyanions such as selenate (SeO42−) and thiosulfate (S2O32−) have not yet been reported. Selenium (Se) is a chalcogen (group 16 of the periodic table) and a trace element naturally present in bed rocks. Although Se is an essential element (at <40 μg/d), an intake >400 μg/d can be toxic to the living organisms (Bleiman and Mishael, 2010). Se shares similar physico-chemical properties with sulfur and is closely associated with sulfur-containing minerals, pyrites and fossil fuel sources (Mehdi et al., 2013). Due to its chalcophilic nature, i.e. strong affinity with sulfur (Tan et al., 2016), Se compounds have a close analogy with sulfur compounds (Mehdi et al., 2013) and the biochemical similarities of Se and sulfur allow their exchange by sulfate and selenate reducing organisms (Hockin and Gadd, 2003a).
1-Proteins Prospect for Production of Industrial Proteins and Protein-Based Materials from Methane
Published in Shashi Kant Bhatia, Sanjeet Mehariya, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Hamilton Richard, Nizovtseva Irina, Chernuskin Dmitri, Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya
Metal-scavenging peptides. a number of critical metals, such as iron, copper, lanthanides, nickel, and molybdenum, as cofactors for core enzymatic reactions (Kenney et al., 2018; Kenney & Rosenzweig, 2018; Kenney & Rosenzweig, 2018; Semrau et al., 2018). A number of metal-scavenging pathways, including sensing, chelating, and transport are predicted. These metal-scavenging proteins and pathways have gained much attention as an eco-friendly solution for mining or recovery from e-waste. While still in the research and development stage, two chelating systems show promise for implementation—copper-binding methanobactins and lanthanum-scavenging peptides. Several reviews highlight the molecular and biotechnological aspects of methanobactins (Kenney & Rosenzweig, 2018; Kenney & Rosenzweig, 2018; Semrau et al., 2018; Semrau & DiSpirito, 2019), and their potential is described below. While most methylotrophic bacteria require Ln for growth and activity, they possess genetically and mechanistically different pathways for Ln-uptake. Some species rely on Ln-chelating agents (i.e., lanthanophores and TonB-ABC transport systems and possibly lanmodulin) (Cotruvo et al., 2018; Martinez-Gomez N.C. 2018; Cotruvo, 2019; Roszczenko-Jasińska et al., 2020; Featherston & Cotruvo, 2021), others, such as Methylotuvimicrobium, are predicted to possess Ln-capturing proteins embedded into S-layer envelope proteins. Further insights into mechanisms of biological Ln-acquisition and metal-binding protein biochemistry are needed to enable the implementation of methanotrophic proteins for Ln-recovery.
Isolation and Characterization of Human Foot Crack–Associated Bacterium, Pseudomonas Otitidis, and Its Biological Propensity
Published in Smart Science, 2019
Govindasamy Balasubramani, Kathiravan Induja, Dilipkumar Aiswarya, Paramasivam Deepak, Dhayalan Arul, Mathialagan Kavitha, Vadivelu Amutha, Pachiappan Perumal
Methylotrophic bacteria are aerobic bacteria that utilize one-carbon compounds, such as methane, methanol, and methylated compounds containing sulfur, as sources of carbon and energy [5]. Interestingly, they are also found as a normal part of microflora in human mouth and feet [6,7]. The human mouth and feet are sources of volatile compounds such as methanethiol and dimethylsulfide. These compounds are produced by diverse bacteria colonizing the human mouth and foot habitat [8]. Thus, methylotrophic bacteria occur in that habitat and utilize volatile one carbon compounds as their energy source. Bacteria predominantly remain in a self-produced polymeric matrix, adherent to an inert or living surface. This microenvironment community of bacteria is known as biofilm and is filled with hundreds of other microorganisms opposed to free-living planktonic cells [9]. Biofilms are the most innovative and complex architecture of micro-organisms attached to the animate and inanimate objects. The bacterial cells are embedded in the extracellular polysaccharides secreted by bacterial cells. Due to the presence of the exopolysaccharides, the bacterial cells are protected resulting in impaired and slow penetration of the antibacterial agents. Thus, stress response and altered microenvironment becomes a challenge for the pharmaceutical sectors [10]. Biofilm which forms on living or nonliving surfaces establishes a protective environment of microbial life in natural, industrial, and hospital settings [11], which are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium [12]. Biofilm formation is mediated by mechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors in bacteria [13]. Biofilms cause serious problems in medical and industrial settings [14], but at the same time, they are beneficial for wastewater treatment and bioremediation technologies [15]. Additionally, in the past decades, there has been growing interest in exploiting biofilms as biocatalysts for the production of bulk and fine chemicals [16]. Due to their overall impact, there is a huge interest in understanding and controlling biofilm formation. To characterize these biofilm forming bacteria, a variety of assays have been developed. Hence, the present study pertains to analyze the qualitative enzyme production, lactose utilization, and biofilm formation of the foot crack–associated bacteria isolated from a woman and to evaluate their antibacterial activity.