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Health and Environmental Information and Models
Published in Winston Chow, Katherine K. Connor, Peter Mueller, Ronald Wyzga, Donald Porcella, Leonard Levin, Ramsay Chang, Managing Hazardous Air Pollutants, 2020
Donald B. Porcella, Ronald E. Wyzga
As a pesticide, methyl isothiocyanate is used to control soil fungi, soil insects, and nematodes and is thus found in agricultural landscapes.17 The chemical is typically applied as a soil drench, but because of its volatility it functions as a soil fumigant. This same attribute results in methyl isothiocyanate being volatilized to the free troposphere, after which it is transported locally and regionally. The chemical attributes of methyl isothiocyanate relative to estimating its flux to vegetation are as follows: chemical structure of CH3-N=C=S, molecular weight of 73.12 g, H2O solubility of 1040 μmol cm−3, molecular diameter of 24.82 × 10−10 m, and diffusivity relative to that of H2O of 0.50. In the environment the chemical exhibits an abbreviated half-life of ≤3 days, decomposing to an array of inorganic and organic gases.
Mechanistic and kinetic approach on methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) with OH and Cl
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Manas Ranjan Dash, Subhashree Subhadarsini Mishra
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is one of the important chemicals used in the production of plastics, polyurethane foam and pesticides. It is highly volatile and explosive in nature. Therefore, it is handled very carefully and shipped as a liquid. It has also a very irritating smell and is hazardous for for our health. In December 1984, MIC was leaked from Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant at Bhopal, India, which killed more than 3,800 people [1]. Most deaths were observed after the exposure for several hours [2–5]. People suffered initially from choking sensations and difficulty in breathing which ultimately led to death. Hence, it concludes that the lethal effects of MIC were caused by pulmonary complications [6]. MIC is the simplest and most toxic member of the isocyanate family. It can also be formed from the photochemical degradation of its isoelectronic compound methyl isothiocyanate (CH3NCS) [7,8]. Atmospheric degradation of N-methylformamide (CH3NHCHO), is also a potential source of MIC in the atmosphere [9,10]. Due to its large industrial applications an increasing amount of MIC gets into the atmosphere inevitably, where it is degraded almost by the reaction with OH radicals, thus its atmospheric degradation must be understood.
Water-soluble polycarbodiimides and their cytotoxic and antifungal properties
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Enosha Harshani De Silva, Narges Salamat, Li Zhang, Jie Zheng, Bruce M. Novak
To a stirring flask of 250 mL methylene chloride in an ice bath, 12 mL (91.68 mmol) of 2-morphinoethylamine was added. Methyl isothiocyanate (6.90 g, 91.68 mmol) of methyl isothiocyanate was then slowly added to the reaction flask. The reaction was brought to 25 °C and allowed to proceed for another 24 h. Mercury (II) oxide (23.83 g, 0.11 mol) and magnesium sulfate (16.55 g, 0.13 mol) were subsequently added to the reaction flask stirring at room temperature, and the product was separated by filtration. Silica column chromatography was used to purify the product with diethyl ether as the eluent. Eluate was a yellow color liquid, (yield 92%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 3.72 (2H, t, OCH2), 3.27 (2H, t, NCH2), 2.97 (3H, s, CH3), 2.54 (2H, t, NCH2), 2.49 (2H, t, NCH2). ATR FTIR (cm−1): 2939 (s, alkyl-H), 2857 (s, alkyl-H), 2810 (s, alkyl-H), 2121 (s, N = C).
Efficient Removal of Ni(II) and Co(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Silica-based Hybrid Materials Functionalized with PAMAM Dendrimers
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Mateusz Pawlaczyk, Grzegorz Schroeder
There were also several attempts for enhancing the metal ions adsorption on hybrid materials by a further functionalization of surface-grafted dendrimers. For instance, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) was incorporated to terminal amine groups of G0-G2 PAMAM-grafted increasing Ag(I) and Hg(II) rate of removal from aqueous and ethanol solutions.[96–99] Moreover, various SiO2–PAMAM functionalized with 5-sulfosalicylic acid, salicylaldehyde, or thiomalic acid were considered to be the effective materials for adsorption of Hg(II), Ag(I), or Pb(II).[100–102] It is interesting to note that there is a very few reports aiming ‘grafting to’ approach for the obtaining of dendrimer-grafted adsorbents dedicated to Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions.[103,104]